|
Biomarker | Risks | Measurement | Probe | Limit of detection | Advantage/disadvantage | Clinical guide | Reference |
|
BNP | Decrease in blood pressure | Immunofluorescent | Antibody | 400 pg/L | Comparatively less sensitive | Monitor carefully with heart surgery patients | [29] |
NT-proBNP | Decrease in blood pressure | Immunofluorescent | Antibody | 10 ng/L | Good marker for surgery patients | Monitor carefully with heart surgery patients | [29] |
ProBNP | Decrease in blood pressure | Immunofluorescent | Antibody | 3 ng/L | Good marker for surgery patients | Monitor carefully with heart surgery patients | [29] |
Troponin I | Heart attack | Electrochemical | Aptamer | 30 pg/mL | Standard biomarker | Treatment for cardiac muscle damage | [30] |
Troponin T | Contraction of skeletal and heart muscle and myocardial injury | Electrochemical | Antibody | 1 pg/mL | Standard biomarker | Treatment for cardiac muscle damage | [31] |
C-reactive protein | Inflammation in the arteries of the heart. | SPR | Antibody | 10 pg/mL | Best target to predict the mortality with other markers. | Controlled diet and cholesterol level | [32] |
Troponin I | Heart attack | Electrochemical | Antibody | 1 pg/mL | Standard biomarker | Treatment for cardiac muscle damage | [31] |
C-reactive protein | Inflammation in the arteries of the heart | SPR | Aptamer | 10 pM | Comparatively less sensitive | Controlled diet and cholesterol level | [33] |
C-reactive protein | Inflammation in the arteries of the heart | Voltammetry | Antibody | 10 fM | High-sensitive. Biomarker for perioperative cardiovascular risk | Controlled diet and cholesterol level | [34] |
Lactate dehydrogenase | Tissue damage | Amperometric | Aptamer and antibody | 1 μM | High specificity due to the aptamer | Treatment for enzyme regulation | [35] |
High sensitivity troponin | Future heart attack | Electron mobility transistor | Aptamer and antibody | 6 pg/mL | High specificity due to the aptamer | Treatment for cardiac muscle damage | [36] |
BNP | Decrease in blood pressure | Electrochemical | Antibody | 1 pg/mL | Good marker for surgery patients | Monitor carefully with heart surgery patients | [31] |
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