The Effect of Nonnative Interactions on the Energy Landscapes of Frustrated Model Proteins

Figure 1

Mean first encounter times (number of minimisations) for 100 global optimisation runs initiated from random starting points for the 46-residue scaled BLN protein. The searches were run using a genetic algorithm (red), basin-hopping starting from random structures confined to a sphere (green), and basin-hopping starting from chain structures with randomised dihedral angles (blue). The error bars are the uncertainties calculated at the 95% level.