Evaluation of Facial Proportions and Their Association with Thumbprint Patterns among Hausa Ethnic Group

Table 3

Nine neoclassical canon facial proportions and their variations.

SN	Classes	Description
1	Class I and its variation	SHH = SFH
		SHH > SFH
		SHH < SFH
2	Class II and its variation	FH II = UFH = LFH
		UFH < LFH
		FH II > LFH
		FH II < LFH
		FH II > LFH
3	Class III and its variation	HC = FH I = SUFH I = LFH
		HC < FH I
		HC < SUFH I
		HC < LFH
		HC > FH I
		FH I > SUFH
		FH I < LFH
		SUFH < LFH
4	Class V and its variation	IOD = NW
		IOD > NW
		IOD < NW
5	Class VI and its variation	IOD = OL
		IOD > OL
		IOL < OL
6	Class VII and its variation	MW = 1.5 (NW)
		MW > 1.5 (NW)
		MW < 1.5 (NW)
7	Class VIII and its variation	NW = 0.25 (UFW)
		NW > 0.25 (UFW)
		NW < 0.25 (UFW)

The superscripts a, b, and c indicate two-, three-, and four-section facial profile canon, respectively. The superscripts d, e, f, and g indicate orbitonasal, orbital, nasooral, and nasofacial proportion canon, respectively. SHH: special head height, SFH: special face height, FH II: forehead height II, UFH: upper facial height, LFH: lower facial height, HC: height of calva, SUFH I: special upper face height I, FH I: forehead height I, LFH: lower facial height, IOD: interocular distance, NW: nasal width, OL: orbital length, MW: mouth width, and UFW: upper facial width.