Impairments in Activities of Daily Living in Older Japanese Men in Hawaii and Japan

Table 1

Percent of elderly men with an impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) in Hawaii and Japan.

	Percent prevalence of an ADL impairment
ADL impairment	Hawaii (1863)*	Japan (543)	Relative odds^†
Feeding difficulty	4.7 (87)^‡	2.2 (12)	2.17^|| (1.18,3.99)^§
Difficulty in using the toilet	6.0 (111)	3.3 (18)	1.85^¶ (1.11,3.07)
Dressing difficulty	8.6 (161)	4.1 (22)	2.24** (1.42,3.54)
Bathing difficulty	8.1 (150)	4.4 (24)	1.89^†† (1.22,2.95)
Difficulty in walking around the house	8.5 (158)	2.4 (13)	3.78** (2.13,6.71)

*Sample size, ^†relative odds compare Hawaii to Japan.
^‡Number with the impairment, ^§95% confidence interval.
Significant excess odds of having an ADL impairment in Hawaii versus Japan: ^||𝑃=.013, ^¶𝑃=.018, ^∗∗𝑃<.001, ^††𝑃=.005.