Cognitive Beliefs and Future Time Perspectives: Predictors of Mortality and Longevity
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants who survived (survivors) or died (decedents) Total .
Characteristics (range of scores)
Survivors (68%)
Decedents (32%)
P Value
Age, years
74.4 (6.3)
78.6 (6.5)
<.001
Education, years
14.1 (3.7)
13.9 (3.0)
.339
Women 66.0% (291) Men 34.0% (149)
195; 67% 102; 69%
96; 33% 47; 31%
<.001*
Beliefs in just world (BJW: self) (8–48)
32.8 (4.1)
20.4 (4.7)
<.001
Beliefs in just world (BJW: others) (8–48)
22.7 (2.1)
21.8 (3.0)
.461
Future time perspective (FTP) (10–70)
36.8 (6.1)
29.9 (7.6)
<.001
Future self-continuity (FSC)—15 yrs (14–70)
32.0 (3.5)
24.0 (2.1)
<.001
Trust: interpersonal and society (12–60)
33.1 (5.1)
29.5 (6.1)
<.05
Distrust: interpersonal and society (12–60)
27.5 (5.1)
39.9 (6.2)
<.001
Control (30–150)
69.6 (4.8)
67.0 (5.9)
.239
High satisfaction with social support (percentage)
61%
48%
<.001
Number of medical visits in preceding year, at baseline:
5.9 (2.1)
6.1 (2.8)
.139
Self-esteem (10–30)
16.8 (5.2)
15.9 (6.9)
.239
High physical functions score (percentage)
31%
22%
<.001
IADL disabilities (12 items)
5.00 (2.0)
6.00 (2.7)
.330
Note: All data are presented as mean ratings and (standard deviations) unless otherwise indicated. P values are based on t-tests; *denotes variables where P values are based on χ 2 tests of association.
