Aging and the Social Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Behavior and Behavior Change: Evidence from the Guide to Health Trial

Table 2

Age-related differences in physical activity and related social cognitive variables.

	Age group	Mean	SD	F	P	Compared Groups	𝑡(𝑝)
Steps/day	40s	7315.67	3054.50	23.95	<.001	40s versus 50s	−1.34 (.54)
	50s	6918.41	3363.12			40s versus 60s+	6.45 (<.001)
	60s+	5417.64	3017.65			50s versus 60s+	5.27 (<.001)
Min walked/day	40s	27.93	38.83	3.43	.03	40s versus 50s	.93 (.44)
	50s	24.93	31.34			40s versus 60s+	2.56 (.04)
	60s+	19.83	27.61			50s versus 60s+	1.66 (.96)
Social support	40s	3.17	.79	18.41	<.001	40s versus 50s	−3.67 (<.001)
	50s	3.48	.83			40s versus 60s+	−6.04 (<.001)
	60s+	3.66	.87			50s versus 60s+	−2.46 (.04)
SE: daily routine	40s	74.38	17.78	4.25	.02	40s versus 50s	−.55 (1.00)
	50s	75.43	18.65			40s versus 60s+	3.33 (<.001)
	60s+	68.04	22.41			50s versus 60s+	4.01 (<.001)
SE: barriers	40s	58.13	19.97	9.31	<.001	40s versus 50s	−1.44 (.45)
	50s	61.13	20.81			40s versus 60s+	1.39 (.50)
	60s+	55.26	23.45			50s versus 60s+	2.92 (.01)
Negative OE	40s	8.07	3.94	3.71	.03	40s versus 50s	.51 (1.00)
	50s	7.87	4.22			40s versus 60s+	2.55 (.03)
	60s+	7.03	3.90			50s versus 60s+	2.11 (.11)
Positive OE	40s	18.76	5.41	3.59	.03	40s versus 50s	−.73 (1.00)
	50s	19.16	5.45			40s versus 60s+	1.83 (.21)
	60s+	17.73	5.80			50s versus 60s+	2.62 (.03)
SR: goal setting and planning	40s	2.50	.88	5.68	<.001	40s versus 50s	−1.55 (.36)
	50s	2.64	.96			40s versus 60s+	−3.36 (<.001)
	60s+	2.80	.95			50s versus 60s+	−1.85 (.20)
SR: tracking	40s	1.73	1.01	4.18	.02	40s versus 50s	−1.24 (.65)
	50s	1.87	1.15			40s versus 60s+	−2.87 (.01)
	60s+	2.05	1.23			50s versus 60s+	−1.68 (.28)

SE: self-efficacy, OE: outcome expectations, SR: self-regulation.