Psychosocial Factors Associated with Longevity in the United States: Age Differences between the Old and Oldest-Old in the Health and Retirement Study
Table 2
Age differences in social relationships between the old (age 70–79) and the oldest-old (age 90–104), HRS 2006/2008.
Age 70–79
Age 90–104
P
N
Mean
(s.d.)
N
Mean
(s.d.)
Social contact
Children
1933
4.54
(1.28)
108
4.93
(1.20)
<.001
Family
1931
3.80
(1.45)
114
4.10
(1.60)
.048
Friends
1939
4.36
(1.25)
113
4.38
(1.19)
n.s.
Close relationships
Children
3854
2.85
(2.11)
226
2.45
(2.22)
.009
Family
3789
3.43
(3.17)
226
3.98
(3.50)
.020
Friends
3761
3.79
(3.29)
233
4.07
(3.71)
n.s.
Relationship quality
Spouse/partner
Social support
2710
3.50
(0.70)
65
3.31
(0.75)
.048
Strain
2735
1.95
(0.77)
69
1.82
(0.82)
n.s.
Children
Social support
3813
3.35
(0.77)
225
3.54
(0.66)
<.001
Strain
3840
1.61
(0.66)
230
1.50
(0.68)
.025
Family
Social support
3834
2.91
(0.98)
225
3.10
(0.88)
<.001
Strain
3847
1.48
(0.62)
228
1.36
(0.54)
<.001
Friends
Social support
3894
3.03
(0.85)
238
2.95
(0.89)
n.s.
Strain
3819
1.37
(0.50)
243
1.31
(0.43)
.031
Note: Figures shown are weighted sample sizes and means with standard deviation in parentheses. values denoting statistical significance of age differences were obtained using ANOVA tests. Social contact with children, family, and friends was measured in 2008 only.
