Research Article
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Longevity in the United States: Age Differences between the Old and Oldest-Old in the Health and Retirement Study
Table 6
OLS regression models for loneliness, life satisfaction, and perceptions of the aging experience.
| | Base model | + Social contact | + ADLs | + Loneliness | | Coeff. (SE) | Coeff. (SE) | Coeff. (SE) | Coeff. (SE) |
| | Panel A. Model for Loneliness |
| | Age 90–104 | .09 (.04)* | −.02 (.04) | −.07 (.04)+ | | | Female | .09 (.02)*** | .01 (.02) | .01 (.02) | | | Blacka | .06 (.03)+ | .01 (.03) | −.01 (.03) | | | Hispanica | .05 (.05) | .04 (.05) | .04 (.05) | | | Otherb | −.07 (.06) | −.07 (.06) | −.06 (.06) | | | Education, yrs | −.02 (.00)*** | −.02 (.00)*** | −.01 (.00)*** | | | Not married | | .24 (.03)*** | .22 (.03)*** | | | Lives alone | | .02 (.03) | .04 (.03) | | | Comorbidities | | | .03 (.01)*** | | | 1 ADL limitationb | | | .15 (.03)*** | | | 2+ ADL limitationsb | | | .20 (.03)*** | | | Constant | 1.68 (.05)*** | 1.59 (.04)*** | 1.46 (.05)*** | | | squared | 0.030 | 0.075 | 0.100 | |
| | Panel B. Model for Life Satisfaction |
| | Age 90–104 | .03 (.08) | .19 (.08)* | .33 (.09)*** | .26 (.08)*** | | Female | −.05 (.04) | .08 (.04)* | .06 (.04) | .06 (.04)+ | | Blacka | −.23 (.07)*** | −.17 (.07)* | −.11 (.07) | −.11 (.07) | | Hispanica | .16 (.10) | .17 (.10)+ | .16 (.10) | .13 (.09) | | Otherb | .34 (.12)** | .34 (.12)** | .33 (.11)** | .26 (.11)* | | Education, yrs | .04 (.01)*** | .04 (.01)*** | .03 (.01)*** | .02 (.01)* | | Not married | | −.38 (.07)*** | −.30 (.07)*** | −.12 (.07)+ | | Lives alone | | −.04 (.08) | −.10 (.07) | −.07 (.07) | | Comorbidities | | | −.12 (.02)*** | −.09 (.02)*** | | 1 ADL limitationb | | | −.39 (.07)*** | −.28 (.07)*** | | 2+ ADL limitationsb | | | −.52 (.08)*** | −.38 (.08)*** | | Loneliness | | | | −.79 (.04)*** | | Constant | 3.88 (.11)*** | 4.03 (.11)*** | 4.45 (.11)*** | 5.61 (.12)*** | | squared | 0.017 | 0.040 | 0.081 | 0.193 |
| | Panel C. Model for Aging Experience |
| | Age 90–104 | −.47 (.09)*** | −.42 (.09)*** | −.21 (.09)* | −.24 (.08)** | | Female | .02 (.05) | .06 (.05) | .04 (.05) | .02 (.04) | | Blacka | .04 (.08) | .08 (.09) | .16 (.07)* | .15 (.07)* | | Hispanica | .13 (.11) | .14 (.11) | .09 (.11) | .16 (.10) | | Otherb | −.11 (.18) | −.11 (.18) | −.11 (.18) | −.13 (.17) | | Education, yrs | .06 (.01)*** | .06 (.01)*** | .04 (.01)*** | .03 (.01)*** | | Not married | | −.18 (.08)* | −.01 (.08) | .12 (.07) | | Lives alone | | .08 (.08) | −.06 (.08) | −.04 (.07) | | Comorbidities | | | −.17 (.02)*** | −.49 (.08)*** | | 1 ADL limitationb | | | −.62 (.08)*** | −.66 (.08)*** | | 2+ ADL limitationsb | | | −.84 (.08)*** | −.16 (.02)*** | | Loneliness | | | | −.68 (.04)*** | | Constant | 3.05 (.13)*** | 3.10 (.13)*** | 3.68 (.13)*** | 4.73 (.14)*** | | R squared | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.175 | 0.282 |
|
|
Notes: Numbers are coefficients with standard errors in parentheses.
aReference group is white; bReference group is no ADLs.
, , , (two-tailed test).
|
