Revisiting the Role of Neighbourhood Change in Social Exclusion and Inclusion of Older People

Table 1

Profile of study participants (𝑛=30).

	La Petite-Patrie	Lower NDG	Total
Total participants	18	12	30
Men	6	5	11
Women	12	7	19
65–69	1	0	1
70–74	1	3	4
75–79	8	3	11
80–84	4	1	5
85–90	3	3	6
90+	1	2	3
Mother tongue
French	12	0	12
English	0	5	5
Italian	6	7	13
Highest level of education*
Primary school (incomplete or complete)	8	7	15
Some high school	5	1	6
High school (completed)	2	1	3
Postsecondary	2	2	4
Socioeconomic status
Low income^#	9	3	12
Current residents
Owners	5	9	14
Renters	13	3	16
Renters living in HLM (public housing)^∞	4	1	5
Former residents	5	1	6
Years in neighbourhood ^£
Less than 30 years	5	4	9
30 to 39 years	7	2	9
50 years and over	6	6	12
Total	18	12	30

*No information for two participants, one in each neighbourhood.
^#For the study purposes, low-income participants are those receiving the guaranteed income supplement (GIS), which provides additional money to top off the Old Age Security Pension. The maximum annual income for a single person GIS recipient is $15,960 (Service Canada, Old Age Security Payment Rates, April-June 2011: http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/isp/oas/oasrates.shtml). This definition is more stringent than Statistics Canada’s low-income cut-off of $22,229 before tax in 2009 for a single person living in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants (Statistics Canada, Low Income Lines 2008-2009: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75f0002m/2010005/tbl/tbl02-eng.htm).
^∞HLM (Habitations à loyer modique) are apartment complexes for low-to-modest income households, owned and managed by the public sector. Rent is set at 25% of household income and includes basic utilities. Tenants are selected from a waiting list according to needs-based criteria established by the provincial government. Those in our study are specifically for autonomous older adults.
^£Lowest value of years in neighbourhood is 9 years followed by 12 years; all others resided in neighbourhood over 15 years.