Does Physical Activity Increase Life Expectancy? A Review of the Literature

Table 2

Preventive effects of regular physical activity on major risk factors for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer.

Author(s)	Risk factor	Effect of regular physical activity on the risk factor in healthy subjects
Adami et al. [3], Halle and Schoenberg [10], Warburton et al. [6], Warburton et al. [11]	Colon cancer	Incidence −30% to −40%
Adami et al. [3], Monninkhof et al. [12], Warburton et al. [6]	Breast cancer	Incidence −20% to −50%
Walker et al. [13], Warburton et al. [11]	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Incidence −28% to −59%
G. A. Kelley and K. S. Kelley [14]	Dyslipidemia	HDL cholesterol +11%
Pedersen and Saltin [4]	Arterial hypertension	Systolic and diastolic blood pressure −3.84/−2.58 mmHg
Pedersen and Saltin [4]	Obesity	Increased chance to maintain body weight
Warburton et al. [11], Reimers et al. [15]	Stroke	Incidence −27% to −40%