Rumination and Age: Some Things Get Better

Table 3

Item means.

	Analysis 1		Analysis 2
	Item mean	𝐻𝑖	𝐻𝑖 (Scale “B”)	𝐻𝑖 (Scale “R”)
5. “What am I doing to deserve this?”	0.71	0.24	0.32
7. Analyze recent events	1.38	0.27		0.47
10. “Why do I always react this way?”	1.25	0.35	0.32
11. Go away by yourself	1.29	0.35		0.44
12. Write down what you are thinking	0.42	0.25		0.37
13. Think about a recent situation	1.25	0.27	0.43
15. “Why do I have problems other people do not have?”	0.75	0.27	0.41
16. “Why cannot I handle things better?”	1.11	0.42	0.42
20. Analyze your personality	1.04	0.42		0.49
21. Go someplace alone to think about your feelings	0.91	0.30		0.43
H (total scale)		0.33	0.38	0.44
Rho *		0.79	0.71	0.76

*Reliability estimate provided by MSP5.0; B: brooding; R: reflection.
Note. Item numbers refer to the 22-item version of the Ruminative Response Scale [22] after exclusion of items loading on the factor depression.