Is Collective Efficacy Age Graded? The Development and Evaluation of a New Measure of Collective Efficacy for Older Adults

Table 2

Percent missing each collective efficacy xcale item, by age group.

	Young old 65–74^a; 𝑁=60% of the sample	Middle old 75–84^b; 𝑁=31% of the sample	Oldest old 85–95^b; 𝑁=9% of the sample
Original collective efficacy scale items
Close knit neighborhood	0.9	0.1	0.3
Trustworthy neighbors	1.4**	3.2+	7.9**
Neighbors help	1.3	1.3	2.4
Fire station	1.8*	3.4+	4.7
Scold a disrespectful child	2.4**	4.9*	9.4**
Do something about children spraying graffiti	1.7	1.9	7.1*
Do something about children skipping school	3.1**	5.5+	9.4*
Break up a fight	0.7+	1.3	4.7*
Missing one or more item from the original CE scale	8.3***	13.6**	19.5**
New collective efficacy scale items
Respect for old people	1.0	1.2	2.4
Groceries when sick	2.0	2.1	2.4
Young people know older people	3.7**	5.9+	11.0*
Older people socialize with young adults	3.7*	5.1	9.4*
Neighbors intervene to protect threatened elder	1.7	1.1	6.3*
Neighbors help fix issue affecting older adults	1.5	1.7	5.5+
Neighbors check on elders during heat wave	2.2	2.1	3.1
Neighbors shovel snow	1.7	2.5	0.8
Missing one or more item from the new CE scale	10.9***	14.4+	21.9**

^a% missing differs from % missing among middle/oldest old, **𝑃<0.01*𝑃<0.05 + 𝑃<0.1.
^b% missing differs from % missing among young old, **𝑃<0.01*𝑃<0.05 + 𝑃<0.1.