Research Article

Dynamic Associations of Change in Physical Activity and Change in Cognitive Function: Coordinated Analyses of Four Longitudinal Studies

Table 1

OCTO-Twin participant characteristics.

Measure Year of testing
Baseline
( 𝑁 = 5 7 4 )
Year 2
( 𝑁 = 4 7 1 )
Year 4
( 𝑁 = 3 6 3 )
Year 6
( 𝑁 = 2 7 5 )
Year 8
( 𝑁 = 2 0 1 )
M (SD) M (SD)M (SD)M (SD)M (SD)

Retention from previous testing (%)82.077.175.873.1
Age83.3 (3.0)85.2 (2.8)86.9 (2.5)88.8 (2.5)90.7 (2.4)
Education7.3 (2.4)7.3 (2.3)7.3 (2.3)7.2 (2.1)7.2 (2.2)
Sex, female ( 𝑛 (%))371 (65)346 (65)236 (65)196 (71)148 (74)
Reasoning11.5 (7.1)11.4 (7.2)11.3 (7.1)10.8 (7.2)10.0 (7.3)
Memory 9.6 (4.0)9.4 (4.3)9.2 (4.4)9.2 (4.7)8.9 (4.5)
Semantic knowledge 28.1 (11.2)28.6 (11.2)27.5 (12.4)26.7 (13.0)26.1 (11.4)
Physical activity 0.7 (0.7)0.9 (0.7)0.8 (0.7) 0.7 (0.7) 0.6 (0.6)
Physical activity changea0.1 (0.7) −0.0 (0.8)−0.1 (0.8)−0.3 (0.9)

M: mean, SD: standard deviation. The scoring ranges for each measure with a defined upper limit are as follows: reasoning: 0–42; memory: 0–16; semantic knowledge: 0–44; physical activity: 0–2. aPhysical activity change represents change from baseline.