Dynamic Associations of Change in Physical Activity and Change in Cognitive Function: Coordinated Analyses of Four Longitudinal Studies
Table 2
LBLS participant characteristics.
Measure
Year of testing
Baseline ()
Year 3 ()
Year 6 ()
Year 9 ()
M (SD)
M (SD)
M (SD)
M (SD)
Retention from previous testing (%)
50.8
50.9
67.1
Age
73.6 (9.0)
75.1 (8.5)
75.1 (8.0)
75.9 (7.1)
Education
13.8 (3.0)
13.9 (2.9)
14.3 (2.7)
14.2 (2.7)
Sex, female ( (%))
258 (51)
137 (50)
71 (51)
45 (48)
Reasoning
22.5 (11.7)
24.1 (11.4)
25.4 (11.5)
25.3 (10.7)
Fluency
32.7 (11.4)
33.7 (11.2)
33.6 (12.9)
34.5 (11.8)
Memory
11.4 (4.0)
11.7 (4.3)
11.5 (4.5)
11.2 (4.8)
Semantic knowledge
38.7 (10.1)
39.6 (9.6)
40.6 (8.8)
39.7 (9.9)
Physical activity
1.7 (1.0)
1.6 (1.1)
1.5 (1.0)
1.6 (0.9)
Physical activity change
0.0 (0.0)
−0.2 (1.0)
−0.4 (1.0)
−0.4 (1.1)
M: mean, SD: standard deviation. The scoring ranges for each measure with a defined upper limit are as follows: education: 0−20, reasoning: 0−30, memory: 0−20, vocabulary: 0−36, physical activity: 0−4.
