Dynamic Associations of Change in Physical Activity and Change in Cognitive Function: Coordinated Analyses of Four Longitudinal Studies

Table 3

SLS participant characteristics.

Measure	Year of testing
	Baseline; (𝑁=1658)	Year 7; (𝑁=940)	Year 14; (𝑁=447)	Year 21; (𝑁=181)
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Retention from previous testing (%)		56.7	47.6	40.5
Age	67.1 (8.2)	73.0 (7.3)	78.9 (6.4)	81.9 (4.9)
Education	14.6 (2.9)	14.7 (2.8)	14.8 (2.7)	14.8 (2.8)
Sex, female (𝑛 (%))	862 (52)	507 (54)	257 (57)	108 (60)
Reasoning	15.6 (5.8)	15.2 (5.6)	14.3 (5.5)	14.0 (5.3)
Fluency	38.5 (12.8)	37.5 (13.1)	36.7 (12.7)	38.8 (14.5)
Memory	12.5 (4.0)	12.0 (4.1)	11.5 (4.2)	11.7 (3.9)
Semantic knowledge	25.0 (6.7)	25.3 (6.6)	25.8 (6.2)	25.8 (5.9)
Physical activity	1.0 (1.1)	1.8 (1.1)	1.7 (1.0)	1.6 (0.9)
Physical activity Change	—	−0.1 (1.1)	−0.2 (1.1)	−0.0 (1.1)

M: mean, SD: standard deviation. The scoring ranges for each measure with a defined upper limit are as follows: education: 0–20, reasoning: 0–30, memory: 0–20, vocabulary: 0–36, physical activity: 0–4.