Elevated Serum Carboxymethyl-Lysine, an Advanced Glycation End Product, Predicts Severe Walking Disability in Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study I

Table 1

Characteristics of women who developed and did not develop severe walking disability in the women’s health and aging study I (𝑁=394).

Characteristic	Incident severe walking disability (𝑛=104)	No incident severe walking disability (𝑛=290)	𝑃
Age category (years) (%)
≤69	17.3	26.2
70–74.9	22.1	27.6
75–79.9	14.4	22.1	0.0005
80–84.9	14.4	10.0
85–89.9	23.1	12.1
≥90	8.7	2.0
Race (white) (%)	69.2	75.5	0.21
Education < 12 years (%)	62.1	60.3	0.75
Current smoking (%)	15.4	10.0	0.14
Body mass index (kg/m^2) (%)
<18.5	3.2	2.8
18.5–24.9	27.7	23.2	0.83
25.0–29.9	35.1	36.8
≥30	34.0	37.2
MMSE score < 24 (%)	15.4	9.7	0.11
Hypertension (%)	57.7	56.2	0.79
Coronary heart disease (%)	24.0	22.1	0.68
Congestive heart failure (%)	14.4	7.2	0.029
Peripheral artery disease (%)	26.0	15.5	0.018
Stroke (%)	1.0	2.8	0.29
Diabetes mellitus (%)	23.1	11.7	0.005
Depression (%)	15.4	11.4	0.29
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)	29.8	25.9	0.44
Renal insufficiency (%)	58.4	52.5	0.30
Osteoarthritis (%)	57.7	53.5	0.46
CML highest quartile (%)	33.7	22.4	0.02