Single Stance Stability and Proprioceptive Control in Older Adults Living at Home: Gender and Age Differences

Table 3

The visual gain and the emergency responses in the single stance test (ST). Each variable in the first column is identified by a compound name which includes the eye condition and the name of the basic variable.

Variables	Eyes	Unit	Sex	Mean ± SD		P level*
				65–74 yrs	75–84 yrs
Visual gain (EO-EC)_SI	Open closed	pp	Women	34.8 ± 15.7	23.8 ± 17.6	<0.001
			Men	35.2 ± 16.0	25.1 ± 17.4	<0.001
			Women	34.8 ± 15.7		ns
			Men	35.2 ± 16.0
			Women		23.8 ± 17.6	ns
			Men		25.1 ± 17.4
Emergency responses EO_PIxy	Open	Degrees	Women	2.2 ± 1.7	2.5 ± 1.2	ns
			Men	2.3 ± 1.6	2.8 ± 1.6	<0.05
Emergency responses EC_PIxy	Closed	Degrees	Women	3.3 ± 1.5	3.2 ± 1.3	ns
			Men	3.6 ± 1.6	3.4 ± 1.8	ns

EO: Eyes open; EC: Eyes closed; SI: Stability index; PIxy: Postural cone amplitude; pp: Percentage points. The values are calculated considering the worse leg in the EC trials. *significance level according to t-test.