The Impact of Body Mass Index and Weight Changes on Disability Transitions and Mortality in Brazilian Older Adults

Table 2

Relative risk ratios of the impact of body mass index categories on disability transitions and mortality among those who were free of disability in the baseline, São Paulo, Brazil—2000–2006.

Variables	ADL		𝑃	IADL		𝑃	NAGI		𝑃
	RRR^a	95% CI		RRR	95% CI		RRR	95% CI
Incidence of disability
Age	1.10	[1.07,1.13]	* * *	1.11	[1.08,1.14]	* * *	1.05	[1.01,1.09]	* *
Female	1.70	[1.06,2.73]	*	1.48	[0.86,2.54]		2.37	[1.40,4.02]	* *
Smoking status
Former smoker	0.94	[0.60,1.46]		1.15	[0.68,1.94]		1.36	[0.80,2.32]
Current smoker	1.58	[0.88,2.85]		1.52	[0.73,3.16]		0.93	[0.52,1.65]
Number of chronic conditions	1.56	[1.33,1.83]	* * *	1.33	[1.12,1.58]	* *	1.23	[0.94,1.62]
Schooling	0.95	[0.86,1.04]		0.91	[0.82,1.00]		0.88	[0.79,0.98]	*
Live alone	0.81	[0.50,1.31]		0.61	[0.35,1.06]		0.93	[0.39,2.24]
BMI categories
Underweight	1.16	[0.66,2.01]		1.92	[1.21,3.03]	* *	1.03	[0.56,1.89]
Overweight	0.93	[0.49,1.75]		1.57	[0.84,2.96]		1.86	[0.89,3.87]
Obese	2.07	[1.21,3.57]	* *	2.42	[1.65,3.53]	* * *	1.19	[0.63,2.26]
Mortality
Age	1.11	[1.08,1.14]	* * *	1.13	[1.10,1.16]	* * *	1.11	[1.07,1.16]	* * *
Female	0.60	[0.38,0.95]	*	0.41	[0.25,0.65]	* * *	0.68	[0.34,1.36]
Smoking status
Former smoker	1.25	[0.82,1.90]		1.17	[0.67,2.03]		0.90	[0.46,1.77]
Current smoker	2.89	[1.66,5.03]	* * *	2.69	[1.36,5.33]	* *	2.68	[1.13,6.37]	*
Number of chronic conditions	1.40	[1.16,1.68]	* * *	1.41	[1.17,1.69]	* * *	1.82	[1.25,2.64]	* *
Schooling	0.95	[0.89,1.02]		0.94	[0.87,1.02]		0.93	[0.82,1.07]
Live alone	1.01	[0.62,1.63]		1.16	[0.64,2.12]		1.36	[0.66,2.79]
BMI categories
Underweight	1.21	[0.79,1.85]		1.22	[0.71,2.09]		1.87	[0.95,3.66]
Overweight	1.30	[0.78,2.14]		1.41	[0.80,2.48]		2.50	[1.01,6.15]	*
Obese	1.07	[0.65,1.75]		1.29	[0.77,2.18]		0.68	[0.22,2.07]
Lost to followup or missing disability status in 2006
Age	1.03	[1.00,1.05]	*	1.05	[1.02,1.08]	* * *	1.03	[0.99,1.08]
Female	1.38	[0.99,1.94]		1.24	[0.84,1.83]		2.19	[1.37,3.52]	**
Smoking status
Former smoker	1.36	[0.90,2.06]		1.54	[1.00,2.38]		2.01	[1.10,3.70]	*
Current smoker	1.05	[0.60,1.84]		1.02	[0.53,1.98]		1.32	[0.61,2.89]
Number of chronic conditions	1.12	[0.96,1.31]		1.12	[0.94,1.34]		1.22	[0.94,1.58]
Schooling	1.02	[0.92,1.13]		1.01	[0.91,1.12]		0.99	[0.85,1.16]
Live alone	1.37	[0.84,2.22]		1.42	[0.84,2.40]		0.93	[0.38,2.30]
BMI categories
Underweight	1.58	[0.97,2.59]		2.07	[1.24,3.45]	* *	1.44	[0.70,2.98]
Overweight	1.25	[0.69,2.26]		1.33	[0.78,2.26]		1.41	[0.59,3.35]
Obese	1.36	[0.87,2.12]		1.55	[1.02,2.37]	*	1.32	[0.56,3.14]
𝑁	1,420			1,207			654
BIC′	−104.55			−82.451			47.73

ADL: activities of daily living; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; RRR: relative risk ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index.
^aRemaining free of disability is the reference category. Normal weight is the reference category for BMI, living accompanied is the baseline category for household arrangement, and never smoked is the reference category for smoking status.
*** 𝑃<0.001; **𝑃<0.05; *𝑃<0.10.