Research Article

Relationship between Serum and Brain Carotenoids, -Tocopherol, and Retinol Concentrations and Cognitive Performance in the Oldest Old from the Georgia Centenarian Study

Table 4

Mean ( SEM) concentrations of carotenoids, -tocopherol, and retinol in the cerebellum, frontal, occipital, and temporal cortices ( ).

Analyte (pmol/g)CerebellumFrontal cortexOccipital cortexTemporal cortex

Lutein, cis a a,b b b
Lutein, trans a b b b
Total Lutein
(cis + trans)
a b c b,c
Zeaxanthin, trans a b c b,c
Cryptoxanthin ( + ) a,b a b a
-Carotene, trans a a b a
-Carotene, 9-cis a a b a,b
Lycopene, trans
-Tocopherol a b,c c b
Retinol a b b,c c

Means not sharing a common superscript in the same row are significantly different at (repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).