Clinical Correlates of Awareness for Balance, Function, and Memory: Evidence for the Modality Specificity of Awareness

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for demographic, awareness, and clinical variables for each of the four diagnostic subgroups and for the overall sample.

	AD; M (SD); n	Non-AD; M (SD); n	aMCI; M (SD); n	Non-aMCI; M (SD); n	Overall; M (SD); n
Age	75.81(7.51); 113	73.05 (10.15); 100	73.74 (8.87); 23	70.30 (11.06); 23	74.07 (9.18)^a; 259
Gender (% female)	67%	56%	70%	52%	62%
Education	10.16 (3.32); 108	10.57 (3.168); 87	11.13 (3.57); 23	11.05 (3.43); 23	10.48 (3.30); 240
Awareness of function	24.74 (3.53); 87	23.75 (3.91); 72	26.30 (3.06); 20	27.59 (3.02); 22	24.85 (3.76)^b; 201
Awareness of memory	2.13 (0.99); 88	2.69 (1.20); 61	2.55 (1.10); 22	3.10 (1.18); 21	2.46 (1.14)^c; 192
Awareness of balance	4.07 (0.99); 43	3.81 (0.92); 27	4.00 (0.91); 13	4.42 (0.79); 12	4.03 (0.94); 95
CDR-SOB	6.97 (3.45); 100	6.45 (3.58); 91	2.13 (1.310); 20	2.27 (1.22); 22	5.90 (3.66)^b; 233
IADL-patient	21.64 (5.05); 99	20.11 (5.47); 82	24.68 (2.71); 22	25.32 (2.73); 22	21.74 (5.14)^b; 225
FAQ-caregiver	15.52 (8.11); 109	15.36 (8.29); 94	7.82 (4.81); 22	6.65 (6.33); 23	13.96 (8.38)^b; 248
Bristol ADL-caregiver	8.90 (7.50); 102	10.97 (9.78); 89	2.96 (2.06); 23	4.04 (5.30); 23	8.63 (8.37)^b; 237
CESD overall	11.85 (9.46); 93	13.31 (9.10); 72	15.00 (8.54); 23	14.05 (7.86); 22	12.92 (9.08); 210
CESD depressed affect	2.91 (3.30); 93	2.89 (3.21); 72	3.70 (3.43); 23	2.68 (2.38); 22	2.97 (3.19); 210
CESD Lack of positive affect	2.75 (2.86); 93	3.35 (2.74); 72	4.00 (3.44); 23	3.41 (2.61); 22	3.16 (2.87); 210
CESD somatic/vegetative	5.08 (3.92); 93	5.96 (3.97); 72	5.96 (3.78); 23	6.73 (4.20); 22	5.65 (3.96); 210
CESD interpersonal	1.11 (1.77); 93	1.11 (1.44); 72	1.35 (1.90); 23	1.23 (1.66); 22	1.15 (1.65); 210
NPI-severity	8.70 (6.49); 103	9.24 (5.81); 84	15.50 (41.27)*; 20	7.44 (8.03); 16	9.42 (13.64); 223
NPI-distress	10.08 (10.02); 103	10.57 (8.74); 82	14.45 (39.23)*; 22	7.00 (11.96); 20	10.41 (15.18); 227
ZBI	13.76 (8.97); 107	14.25 (8.35); 89	11.73 (9.35); 22	10.35 (9.56); 23	13.43 (8.86); 241
BSI global severity	50.35 (10.05); 99	52.03 (9.30); 86	51.24 (10.51); 21	53.22 (11.34); 23	51.35 (9.93); 229
Fall history in past 6 months; (no/yes)	65/25; 90	45/36; 81	12/8; 20	10/12; 22	132/81; 213
Probability of falling (%)	38.00 (35.06); 76	56.02 (33.87); 63	32.84 (32.48); 17	39.45 (37.13); 14	44.28 (35.44); 170
ABC	80.95 (16.99); 44	74.40 (24.87); 29	86.15 (11.09); 13	72.92 (16.46); 12	78.72 (19.28); 98
BBS	46.44 (8.57); 77	41.97 (11.48); 64	49.53 (5.03); 17	49.14 (7.23); 14	45.30 (9.76)^d; 172
POMA	22.25 (4.85); 32	20.38 (5.54); 26	21.88 (4.70); 8	23.50 (4.09); 6	21.64 (5.05); 72
Stroop-interference	−0.90 (1.55); 79	−1.19 (1.64); 54	−0.43 (1.44); 21	0.21 (0.86); 18	−0.82 (1.55)^e; 172
TMT-B	−2.10 (1.26); 62	−2.32 (1.15); 48	−0.92 (1.00); 20	−1.68 (1.43); 17	−1.96 (1.29)^f; 147
Clock drawing	16.30 (4.28); 100	15.85 (4.79); 79	18.98 (1.86); 23	17.71 (4.43); 21	16.55 (4.39)^b; 223
Phonemic fluency	−1.38 (1.00); 98	−1.93 (1.05); 75	−0.81 (1.05); 23	−1.52 (0.98); 22	−1.52 (1.07)^d; 218
Animal naming	−1.99 (0.78); 98	−2.01 (0.84); 77	−1.27 (1.02); 23	−1.26 (1.03); 22	−1.85 (0.90)^b; 220
DS-B	−1.04 (0.87); 98	−1.14 (0.82); 76	−0.31 (1.00); 23	−0.82 (0.81); 22	−0.98 (0.89)^b; 219
RBANS immed memory	57.47 (13.65); 98	65.59 (16.66); 73	75.48 (11.95); 23	82.95 (15.04); 22	64.73 (16.87)^g; 216
RBANS delayed memory	48.68 (9.35); 95	63.01 (19.13); 70	61.77 (16.89); 22	73.24 (22.74); 21	57.37 (17.71)^h; 208
RBANS language	78.00 (14.81); 98	78.96 (15.72); 74	94.30 (10.07); 23	94.29 (7.98); 21	81.65 (15.51)^b; 216
RBANS attention	74.98 (16.39); 91	70.20 (14.85); 64	86.68 (10.79); 22	77.15 (15.58); 20	74.95 (15.92)^i; 197
RBANS visuospatial/constructional	77.37 (17.60); 93	76.81 (15.83); 67	96.57 (14.83); 21	86.71 (12.79); 21	80.15 (17.38)^i; 202
RBANS total scale	61.16 (10.09); 83	66.03 (13.73); 59	77.41 (7.67); 22	78.79 (12.26); 19	66.51 (13.07)^b; 183

aAD group significantly older than non-aMCI group. ^bAD and non-AD dementia group similar, but significantly more impaired than the similar aMCI and non-MCI groups. ^cAD group similar to aMCI group, but more impaired than non-AD and non-aMCI groups. ^dNon-AD group more impaired than other groups. ^enon-aMCI group less impaired. ^faMCI group less impaired. ^gAD group significantly more impaired than non-AD group and both more impaired than either MCI group. ^hAD group significantly more impaired than other groups. ⁱAD group significantly lower than aMCI group. *outliers in these small samples.