Ion-Acoustic Instabilities in a Multi-Ion Plasma

Figure 3

Plot of the growth rate 𝛾 (5) versus 𝑢_⟂𝑠 (𝑣_ts=320×10⁵cms⁻¹, 𝑘=0.004 cm⁻¹). Other relevant parameters are the same as in Figure 2. Curve (a) is for a single ion plasma without any ring ions. Curve (b) is for a H⁺ ring, curve (c) has an O⁺ ring, and curve (d) is for an O⁻ ring. Curve (e) depicts the case when all species of ring ions are present.