Polyploidy and Speciation in Pteris (Pteridaceae)

Table 1

Ploidy levels and breeding systems of 106 Pteris species.

	Sexual 2X	Apogamous 2X	^?2X	Apogamous 3X	Sexual 4X	Apogamous 4X	^?4X	Others	Reference
P. acanthoneura Alston	V								[12]
P. actiniopteroides Christ				V					[12]
P. albersii Hieron.						V	V		[12, 25]
P. altissima Poir.					V				[12]
P. arguta Aiton	V								[12]
P. argyraea Moore	V	V		V					[12, 24]
P. aspericaulis Wall.	V			V					[12, 26]
P. atrovirens Willd.					V				[12]
P. bella Tagawa			V	V	V				[27, 28]
P. berteroana Ag.	V								[27]
P. biaurita L.		V		V				6X	[12, 29, 30]
P. bifurcata Ching				V					[24]
P. boninensis H. Ohba	V								[31]
P. buchananii Bak. ap. Sim.	V								[12]
P. burtonii Bak.	V								[12]
P. cadieri Christ		V		V					[32]
P. camerooniana Kuhn	V								[12, 33]
P. catoptera Kze.	V								[12]
P. comans Forst.	V								[12, 24]
P. confusa T. G. Walker		V							[12]
P. cretica L.	V	V		V		V	V		[11, 34–39]
P. dactylina Hook.				V					[12, 24, 38]
P. ×delchampsii W.H.Wagner & Nauman						V			[40]
P. deltodon Bak.	V			V				Sexual 𝑛=53, 55	[18, 23, 27]
P. dentata Forsskal	V								[12]
P. dispar Kze.	V		V				V		[12, 23, 24, 27]
P. ensiformis Burm.	V			V	V	V		5X; 2𝑛=84, 168	[12, 18, 23, 27, 41–44]
P. esquirolii Christ				V					[24]
P. excelsa Gaud.	V	V		V			V		[18, 24, 45]
P. fauriei Hieron.	V			V					[12, 27, 39, 44, 46]
P. formosana Bak.	V								[33]
P. friesii Hieron.				V					[12]
P. gallinopes Ching						V			[18]
P. gongalensis T. G. Walker				V					[12]
P. grandifolia L.					V				[12]
P. grevilleana Wall. ex Agardh		V				V			[12, 32, 47]
P. haenkeana Presl							V		[12]
P. hamulosa Christ	V								[12]
P. henryi Christ	V								[39]
P. hexagona (L.) Proctor					V				[12]
P. holttumii C. Chr.					V				[12]
P. hookeriana Ag.			V						[33]
P. incompleta Cav.	V								[24]
P. insignis Mett. ex Kuhn					V				[12]
P. intricata Wright								V	[22]
P. kidoi Kurata	V								[23, 48, 49]
P. kingiana Endl.				V					[24]
P. kiuschiuensis Hieron.		V		V					[21, 50, 51]
P. laurisilvicola Kurata		V		V					[24]
P. ligulata Gaud.					V				[12]
P. linearis Poir.		V		V	V				[27, 28]
P. lineata Poir. et Lam.		V							[39]
P. longifolia L.	V				V				[12, 24]
P. longipes D. Don							V		[24]
P. longipinnula Wall.							V		[24]
P. macilenta A. Rich.					V				[12]
P. marginata Bory	V								[12]
P. multiaurita Ag.	V								[12]
P. multifida Poir.					V		V		[12, 18, 23, 27, 45, 52]
P. nakasimae Tagawa					V				[12, 23]
P. ×namegatae Kurata							V		[23]
P. natiensis Tagawa		V							[51]
P. nemoralis Willd.	V								[24]
P. nipponica Shieh				V					[33, 53]
P. orientalis Alderw.									[54]
P. oshimensis Hieron.		V		V					[18, 50, 55]
P. otaria Bedd.	V								[12, 29]
P. pacifica Hieron.			V	V					[12, 24]
P. palustris Poir.	V								[24]
P. papuana Ces.					V				[12]
P. pellucida Presl	V				V		V		[12, 31]
P. pellucidifolia Hayata				V					[36]
P. plumula Desv.						V			[12]
P. podophylla Sw.			V						[24]
P. praetermissa T. G. Walker	V								[12]
P. pseudoquadriaurita Khullar	V								[24]
P. quadriaurita Retz.	V			V		V			[12, 20]
P. reptans T.G. Walker	V								[12]
P. roseo-lilacina Hieron.	V								[12]
P. ryukyuensis Tagawa					V				[55, 56]
P. saxatilis Carse	V								[12]
P. scabripes Wall.	V	V							[12, 24]
P. scabristipes Tagawa				V					[24]
P. ×sefuricola Sa. Kurata						V			[34]
P. semipinnata L.				V	V				[12, 23, 27]
P. setuloso-costulata Hayata			V	V					[23, 27, 53]
P. silentvalliensis N. C. Nair				V					[24]
P. similis Kuhn			V						[12]
P. spinescens C. Presl			V						[24, 57]
P. stenophylla Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.	V								[12]
P. subquinata (Wall. ex Bedd.) Agardh	V								[24]
P. togoensis Hieron.	V								[12]
P. tokioi Masam.					V		V		[27, 50, 55]
P. trachyphylla Kunze.		V							[12]
P. tremula R. Br.								Sexual 8X	[12]
P. tripartita Sw.	V				V				[12, 35]
P. umbrosa R. Br.					V				[12]
P. vellucida *			V						[24]
P. vittata L.	V			V	V	V		5X, 6X	[1, 12, 17, 18, 27, 35, 39, 44, 58]
P. wallichiana Agardh	V								[12, 18, 27, 44]
P. wangiana Ching				V					[24]
P. warburgii Christ			V						[54]
P. werneri (Rosenstock) Holtt.			V						[25]
P. wulaiensis C.M.Kuo		V							[36]
P. xiaoyingae H. He & L. B. Zhang		V							[59]
P. yamatensis (Tagawa) Tagawa					V				[12, 23]

^?means unknown.
*It is accorded to the literature. P. vellucida could be misspelling of P. pellucida.