Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation

Figure 3

Heavy metal-induced ROS production in different organelles of plant cells and ROS-induced signaling in defense gene expression (modified from Hossain et al. [19]; Sharma and Dietz [8]). Yellow circles in the vacuole designate the deposit of HMs.