Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Endophyte Fungal Associations in South Indian Aquatic and Wetland Macrophytes

Table 2

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal symbiosis and AM morphology in south Indian hydrophytes and wetland plant species.

Family; Plant name	Site^a	Habit form^b	Life-forms^c	Mycorrhizal status^d	AM morphology^e
Acanthaceae
Barleria cristata L.	III	S	W	—	—
Hygrophila  auriculata (Schumach.) Heine	III	H	W	—	—
Justicia betonica L.	IV	S	W	—	—
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera  sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.	IV	H	W	—	—
	III		W	—	—
Apiaceae
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.	IV	H	W	AM	I 4
Araceae
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott	III	H	W	—	—
Pistia stratiotes L.	II	H	F	—	—
	I		F	—	—
Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias curassavica L.	III	H	W	—	—
Asteraceae
Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.	IV	H	W	AM, DSE^*	I 4
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.	III	H	W	AM	I 4
Spilanthes calva Dc.	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Spilanthes uliginosa Sw.	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.	III	H	W	AM, DSE^*	I 4
Azollaceae
Azolla pinnata R. Br.	I	S	F	—	—
Cannaceae
Canna indica L.	III	H	W	AM	I 4^*
Commelinaceae
Commelina benghalensis L.	III	S	W	—	—
Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f.	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea  aquatica Forssk.	III	S	W	—	—
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet	II	H	W	—	—
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br.	I	S	W	—	—
Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f.	IV	H	W	—	—
Cyperaceae
Cyperus articulatus L.	I	H	W	—	—
Cyperus cephalotes Vahl	IV	H	W	—	—
Cyperus exaltatus Retz.	III	H	W	—	—
Cyperus iria L.	IV	H	W	AM	I 4^*
Cyperus pangorei Rottb.	III	H	W	—	—
Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl	III	H	W	—	—
Fimbristylis consanguinea Kunth	IV	H	W	—	—
Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth	II	H	W	AM, DSE^*	I 3^*
Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. &; Dalziel	IV	H	W	AM	I 3^*
Eriocaulaceae
Eriocaulon quinquangulare L.	III	H	W	—	—
Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle	II	H	S	—	—
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.	IV	H	S	—	—
Menyanthaceae
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kutze	III	H	R	AM	I 4^*
Marsileaceae
Marsilea  polycarpa Hook. & Grev.	II	H	W	DSE^*	—
Marsilea minuta L.	IV	H	W	—	—
Nelumbonaceae
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	I	H	R	—	—
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea pubescens Willd.	III	H	R	—	—
Onagraceae
Ludwigia perennis L.	IV	H	W	—	—
Piperaceae
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth	III	H	W	—	—
Poaceae
Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P.Beauv.	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.	II	H	W	—	—
Jansenella griffithiana (C. Muell.) Bor	III	H	W	—	—
Oryza sativa L.	II	H	W	AM	I 4^*
Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Thwaites	III	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Polygonaceae
Polygonum chinense L.	IV	S	W	—	—
Polygonum glabrum Willd.	I	H	W	—	—
Polygonum hydropiper L.	IV	H	W	—	—
Pontederiaceae
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms	I	H	F	—	—
Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C. Presl.	II	H	W	—	—
Rubiaceae
Hedyotis auricularia L.	IV	H	W	—	—
Scrophulariaceae
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.	IV	H	W	AM	I 4^*
	I		W	—	—
Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Scoparia dulcis L.	IV	H	W	AM	I 4
Tiliaceae
Corchorus aestuans L.	IV	H	W	AM^*	I 4^*
Typhaceae
Typha angustata Bory & Chaub.	II	H	W	—	—
Verbenaceae
Lippia nodiflora Cham.	IV	H	W	AM	I 4^*
Woodsiaceae
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.	IV	H	W	AM, DSE^*	P^*

I: Site-A; II: Site-B; III: Site-C; IV: Site-D.
^bH: herb; S: shrub.
^cW: wetland; F: free floating; S: submerged; R: rooted emergent.
^dAM: arbuscular mycorrhizal; DSE: dark septate endophyte.
^eP: Paris-type; I: intermediate-type AM.
^*First report.