Research Article
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Dark Septate Endophyte Fungal Associations in South Indian Aquatic and Wetland Macrophytes
Table 3
Extent of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal colonization in south Indian aquatic and wetland plant species.
| | Plant name | Site | AM colonization (%)a | AM spore numbersb | DSE colonization (%)c | | RLH | RLV | RLAC | RLHC | RLTC | RLDSH | RLMi/Mo | RLDTC |
| | Ageratum conyzoides | IV | 22.31 ± 0.86d | — | 28.29 ± 1.01 | 21.34 ± 0.65 | 71.95 ± 1.41 | 4.00 ± 0.71 | — | — | — | | Alternanthera sessilis | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Alternanthera sessilis | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Asclepias curassavica | III | — | — | — | — | — | 4.33 ± 0.50 | — | — | — | | Axonopus compressus | IV | 22.08 ± 0.88 | 14.02 ± 0.71 | 27.44 ± 1.43 | 21.23 ± 0.94 | 84.76 ± 1.78 | 5.67 ± 1.05 | — | — | — | | Azolla pinnata | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Bacopa monnieri | I | 18.54 ± 0.84 | 9.70 ± 0.52 | 27.97 ± 0.92 | 16.87 ± 0.56 | 73.08 ± 1.70 | — | — | — | — | | Bacopa monnieri | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Barleria cristata | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Canna indica | III | 27.95 ± 0.92 | — | 37.74 ± 1.10 | 12.14 ± 0.70 | 77.73 ± 1.53 | — | — | — | — | | Centella asiatica | IV | 20.40 ± 1.02 | — | 21.06 ± 0.95 | 32.23 ± 1.01 | 73.69 ± 2.87 | 6.33 ± 0.39 | — | — | — | | Colocasia esculenta | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Commelina benghalensis | III | — | — | — | — | — | 8.33 ± 0.51 | — | — | — | | Corchorus aestuans | IV | 18.41 ± 0.54 | 8.81 ± 0.49 | 27.52 ± 0.78 | 15.82 ± 0.73 | 70.57 ± 2.18 | — | — | — | — | | Cyperus articulatus | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Cyperus exaltatus | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Cyperus iria | IV | 24.55 ± 0.77 | 34.56 ± 0.73 | — | 16.80 ± 0.62 | 75.91 ± 1.09 | 5.25 ± 0.35 | — | — | — | | Cyperus pangorei | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Cyperus cephalotes | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Diplazium esculentum | IV | — | — | 38.83 ± 0.95 | 24.04 ± 0.73 | 62.87 ± 1.22 | — | 11.14 ± 0.36 | 6.11 ± 0.11 | 17.25 ± 0.39 | | Eclipta prostrata | III | 18.86 ± 0.69 | — | 22.53 ± 1.49 | 22.53 ± 1.22 | 66.40 ± 1.10 | — | — | — | — | | Eichhornia crassipes | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Eragrostis gangetica | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Eriocaulon quinquangulare | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Fimbristylis falcata | II | 41.70 ± 1.11 | 33.52 ± 1.20 | — | — | 75.22 ± 1.13 | — | 8.48 ± 0.38 | — | 8.48 ± 0.38 | | Fimbristylis argentea | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Fimbristylis consanguinea | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Hedyotis auricularia | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Hydrilla verticillata | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Hygrophila auriculata | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Ipomoea cairica | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Ipomoea eriocarpa | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Ipomoea aquatica | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Jansenella griffithiana | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Justicia betonica | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Kyllinga nemoralis | IV | 54.86 ± 1.03 | 25.47 ± 0.68 | — | — | 80.33 ± 1.04 | — | — | — | — | | Lindernia parviflora | IV | 20.99 ± 0.96 | 9.13 ± 0.29 | 32.43 ± 0.51 | 23.50 ± 1.09 | 86.05 ± 2.03 | — | — | — | — | | Lippia nodiflora | IV | 20.13 ± 0.58 | 11.21 ± 0.39 | 26.86 ± 0.64 | 18.52 ± 0.63 | 76.72 ± 1.59 | — | — | — | — | | Ludwigia perennis | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Marsilea polycarpa | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.25 ± 0.32 | 4.62 ± 0.22 | 13.87 ± 0.45 | | Marsilea minuta | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Merremia tridentata | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Monochoria vaginalis | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Nelumbo nucifera | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Nymphaea pubescens | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Nymphoides hydrophylla | III | 21.97 ± 0.71 | 6.60 ± 0.36 | 32.98 ± 0.94 | 17.02 ± 0.27 | 78.57 ± 1.51 | — | — | — | — | | Oryza sativa | II | — | 8.12 ± 0.31 | 31.21 ± 0.65 | 9.86 ± 0.46 | 49.19 ± 0.89 | — | — | — | — | | Ottelia alismoides | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Peperomia pellucida | III | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Pistia stratiotes | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Pistia stratiotes | I | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Pollia secundiflora | IV | 31.25 ± 0.86 | 4.36 ± 0.22 | 33.55 ± 0.98 | 9.89 ± 0.30 | 79.17 ± 1.16 | — | — | — | — | | Polygonum chinense | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Polygonum glabrum | I | — | — | — | — | — | 7.33 ± 0.43 | — | — | — | | Polygonum hydropiper | IV | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Scoparia dulcis | IV | 26.91 ± 0.45 | 15.85 ± 0.34 | 11.40 ± 0.36 | 22.66 ± 0.70 | 76.81 ± 0.53 | 4.33 ± 0.26 | — | — | — | | Spilanthes calva | IV | 26.62 ± 0.37 | | 29.73 ± 0.71 | 17.85 ± 0.51 | 74.20 ± 1.19 | 7.02 ± 0.16 | 4.56 ± 0.20 | 2.15 ± 0.09 | 6.71 ± 0.21 | | Spilanthes uliginosa | IV | 19.61 ± 0.52 | 14.01 ± 0.35 | 28.24 ± 0.62 | 17.42 ± 0.22 | 79.29 ± 0.62 | — | — | — | — | | Sporobolus wallichii | III | 21.98 ± 0.61 | 5.85 ± 0.27 | 27.71 ± 0.78 | 22.87 ± 0.62 | 78.39 ± 0.93 | — | — | — | — | | Synedrella nodiflora | III | 20.74 ± 0.45 | 9.82 ± 0.24 | 23.51 ± 0.36 | 27.90 ± 0.53 | 81.96 ± 0.48 | — | 6.56 ± 0.17 | — | 6.56 ± 0.17 | | Typha angustata | II | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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Sites: I: Site-A; II: Site-B; III: Site-C; IV: Site-D.
aRLH, RLV, RLAC, RLHC, and RLTC: % root length with hyphae, vesicles, arbusculate coils, hyphal coils, and total colonization, respectively.
bAM fungal spore numbers per 100 g soil.
cRLDSH, RLMi/Mo, and RLDTC: root length with dark septate endophyte hyphae, microsclerotia/moniliform hyphae, and total colonization respectively.
dMean ± S.E.
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