Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts Obtained from Crataegus azarolus L. var. aronia (Willd.) Batt. Ovaries Calli

Table 1

Individual phenolic content measured by HPLC in methanolic ovaries calli extracts. Amounts of compounds are given as mean values ± standard deviation (𝑛=3). Integration of area of individual peaks was compared to their corresponding standard (four points standard curve, 𝑅² presented in the table) to calculate the individual phenolic concentration expressed in mg/100 g DW.

Culture day	Chlorogenic acid; (𝑅^2=0.9995)	(−)-Epicatechin; (𝑅^2=0.9989)	Procyanidin dimer B2; (𝑅^2=0.9995)	Hyperoside; (𝑅^2=0.9974)	Rutin; (𝑅^2=0.9981)	Spiraeoside; (𝑅^2=0.9924)	Isoquercitrin; (𝑅^2=0.9996)
0	360.25±11.2^h∗	653.48±12^g	280.65±12^i	120.36±5^h	90.36±4^i	90.25±5^h	50.63±4^g
4	142.23±5.2^a	365.78±10^bc	56.24±12^a	50.36±3.5^a	45.12±3^a	63.47±3^b	25.68±2^a
8	150.23±10.2^b	387.45±13^de	75.68±6^b	78.63±2^b	50.78±4^c	70.58±4^c	30.86±2^b
12	164.58±11.3^c	400.58±17^e	85.69±6^c	80.69±9^e	48.69±3^b	77.63±5^d	33.56±2^c
16	180.69±8.6^d	369.56±11^ed	90.47±6^d	88.69±5^d	55.48±3^d	89.45±6^f	30.47±3^b
20	265.89±6.8^e	356.78±10^b	99.58±6^e	90.56±4^e	68.74±5^e	90.86±6^g	36.87±3^e
24	400.58±12.7^j	687.69±13^h	288.69±6^j	136.54±6^i	94.58±3.6^j	95.57±7^h	58.69±2^i
28	369.451±10.8^i	647.56±13^k	230.58±9^h	96.58±5^g	77.48±4.5^h	90.34±7^g	55.36±4^h
32	300.58±11.4^g	452.36±12^f	120.45±8^g	92.36±3^f	73.89±5^g	80.56±6^e	50.68±4^g
36	280.69±12.2^f	364.69±12^bc	110.36±8^f	88.75±5^d	70.58±3.6^f	70.43±7^c	44.36±4^f
40	265.89±11.3^e	256.47±10^a	100.45±6^ef	80.96±4^e	55.45±3^d	50.36±7^a	35.36±4^d

∗In the same column, values with the same letters are not significantly different at 𝑃≤0.01.