Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. Inhibits Human Lymphocyte Proliferation and the Growth of Tumour Cell Lines and Induces Apoptosis In Vitro

Table 2

Apoptosis (percentage of cells) of HCT-116 colon cancer cells treated with deoxyelephantopin as determined by microscopic morphological observation, stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide.

Con.of deoxy elephantopin (μg/mL)	Treatment time (24 h)			Treatment time (48 h)
	Percentage of cells^x (%)			Percentage of cells^x (%)
	Viable cells	Non-viable cells		Viable cells	Non-viable cells
		Apoptotic	Necrotic		Apoptotic	Necrotic
0 (control)	97±4.4	−−−	3±0.25	96±4.6	2±0.15	1±0.10
1	59±4.33	28±2.11	13±0.87	55±2.79	31±2.1	14±0.97
3	30±1.6	39±2.6^∗∗∗	31±2.79	22±1.52	42±2.5^∗∗∗	36±1.98
6	20±1.51	32±2.41	48±3.25	18±1.24	30±1.9	52±3.59
8	13±0.35	6±0.44	81±4.11	12±0.81	4±0.28	84±4.27
10	9±0.60	7±0.47	84±5.8^∗∗∗	9±0.46	4±0.26	87±5.5

^xcells (viable + nonviable) = 100%, ***𝑃<0.001 compared to control.