Redox Regulation of Calcium Signaling in Cancer Cells by Ascorbic Acid Involving the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain

Figure 5

A schematic representation of the mechanism of ascorbate-induced redox regulation of Ca²⁺ release. Signal transduction form redox-active molecule to target occurs with additional participants—oxidoreductases (in our case—mitochondrial enzymes). Mitochondria-derived ROS induce Ca²⁺ release. Signal decoding in cells depends on the transducer activity of additional participant. Antimycin A may increase the ROS production and Ca²⁺ response in cells, while rotenone decreases it.