Table 1: The basic data of the engine.

Engine type 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, DI Bore 85 mm Stroke 92 mm Connect rod 145 mm Compression ratio 17.5 Fire order 1-3-4-2 Rated speed 3000 rpm Rated power 48 kW Fuel pump VE4 11e1600r2d01 Injector KBAL-P028 Static injection timing 7° CA before TDC Inlet valve opening 16° CA before TDC Inlet valve closure 42° CA after BDC Exhaust valve opening 45° CA before TDC Exhaust valve closure 14° CA after BDC