Surface Modification of Fly Ash for Active Catalysis

Figure 1

FTIR of (a) raw fly ash, (b) thermally activated fly ash, (c) KF/fly ash catalyst, (d) KF/Al₂O₃/fly ash⁸⁷³ catalyst, (e) KF/Al₂O₃/fly ash⁶⁷³ vatalyst, (f) KF/Al₂O₃/fly ash⁴⁷³ catalyst, and (g) regenerated KF/Al₂O₃/fly ash⁶⁷³ catalyst.