Comorbidities and Concomitant Medication Use in Men with Prostate Cancer or High Levels of PSA Compared to Matched Controls: A GPRD Analysis
Table 4
Incidence rates (IR, per 10,000 person-years; 95% CI) for selected comorbidities among CaP patients and men with elevated PSA but no CaP, compared with matched controls, during 12 and 48 months after the index date in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD, 1998–2008)1.
Comorbidity
CaP patients and matched controls
Men with elevated PSA but no CaP and matched controls
Cases (,616)
Controls (,616)
RR (95% CI)2
Cases (,128)
Controls (,128)
RR (95% CI)2
Urinary tract infection
<12 mo
867 (740, 1009)
179 (128, 243)
4.9 (3.4, 6.8)*
569 (517, 625)
104 (84, 128)
5.4 (4.3, 6.8)*
<48 mo
552 (492, 616)
156 (129, 188)
3.5 (2.8, 4.4)*
367 (344, 395)
130 (116, 145)
2.8 (2.5, 3.2)*
Impotence
<12 mo
642 (539, 759)
181 (130, 246)
3.5 (2.5, 5.0)*
256 (223, 292)
237 (205, 272)
1.1 (0.9, 1.3)
<48 mo
442 (392, 498)
174 (145, 207)
2.5 (2.1, 3.1)*
215 (197, 235)
197 (180, 215)
1.1 (0.96, 1.2)
Breast disorders
<12 mo
90 (56, 136)
12 (3, 35)
7.4 (2.2, 24.8)*
18 (10, 28)
14 (7, 23)
1.3 (0.6, 2.7)
<48 mo
93 (72, 118)
23 (14, 36)
4.0 (2.4, 6.6)*
18 (13, 23)
16 (11, 21)
1.1 (0.7, 1.7)
Hypertension
<12 mo
508 (403, 634)
401 (309, 511)
1.3 (0.9, 1.8)
499 (444, 558)
355 (310, 405)
1.4 (1.2, 1.7)*
<48 mo
455 (395, 522)
354 (305, 410)
1.3 (1.05, 1.6)*
409 (380, 441)
359 (332, 388)
1.1 (1.02, 1.3)*
Stroke
<12 mo
110 (71, 162)
185 (13, 251)
0.6 (0.4, 0.97)*
78 (61, 98)
93 (75, 116)
0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
<48 mo
127 (102, 156)
157 (129, 188)
0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
83 (72, 95)
97 (86, 110)
0.9 (0.7, 1.0)
Acute coronary syndrome
<12 mo
129 (86, 185)
76 (44, 121)
1.7 (0.9, 3.1)
52 (39, 70)
56 (41, 73)
0.9 (0.6, 1.4)
<48 mo
96 (75, 123)
78 (60, 101)
1.2 (0.9, 1.7)
62 (53, 72)
60 (51, 71)
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
Angina pectoris
<12 mo
113 (72, 168)
81 (47, 129)
1.4 (0.7, 2.6)
68 (51, 87)
76 (58, 97)
0.9 (0.6, 1.3)
<48 mo
104 (81, 133)
80 (60, 104)
1.3 (0.9, 1.9)
60 (51, 71)
66 (56, 77)
0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
Arrhythmia
<12 mo
156 (108, 218)
134 (91, 192)
1.2 (0.7, 1.9)
134 (111, 161)
131 (108, 157)
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
<48 mo
164 (134, 198)
139 (113, 169)
1.2 (0.9, 1.5)
134 (120, 149)
140 (125, 155)
1.0 (0.8, 1.1)
Myocardial infarction
<12 mo
96 (60, 145)
61 (34, 103)
1.6 (0.8, 3.1)
35 (24, 50)
50 (37, 67)
0.7 (0.4, 1.1)
<48 mo
77 (58, 101)
61 (45, 82)
1.3 (0.8, 1.9)
50 (42, 59)
50 (42, 59)
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
Congestive heart failure
<12 mo
144 (100, 201)
85 (52, 131)
1.7 (0.98, 3.0)
49 (36, 65)
58 (43, 75)
0.8 (0.6, 1.3)
<48 mo
145 (118, 176)
106 (84, 132)
1.4 (1.02, 1.8)*
52 (44, 62)
65 (56, 75)
0.8 (0.6, 1.003)
Hyperlipidemia
<12 mo
140 (95, 199)
196 (142, 264)
0.7 (0.4, 1.1)
234 (202, 269)
194 (165, 226)
1.2 (0.98, 1.5)
<48 mo
156 (128, 189)
187 (156, 221)
0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
189 (172, 207)
172 (156, 190)
1.1 (0.96, 1.3)
Lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease
<12 mo
50 (26, 87)
33 (14, 65)
1.5 (0.6, 3.6)
19 (11, 30)
44 (31, 59)
0.4 (0.2, 0.8)*
<48 mo
34 (22, 50)
46 (32, 63)
0.7 (0.4, 1.2)
23 (18, 29)
29 (23, 37)
0.8 (0.6, 1.1)
Diabetes, Type II
<12 mo
131 (89, 188)
97 (61, 147)
1.4 (0.8, 2.3)
181 (154, 211)
126 (103, 152)
1.4 (1.1, 1.8)*
<48 mo
154 (126, 187)
144 (118, 174)
1.1 (0.8, 1.4)
122 (109, 136)
126 (112, 141)
1.0 (0.8, 1.1)
1Index date was the date of initial CaP diagnosis for prostate cancer (CaP) patients; the date of first elevated PSA test result for men with elevated PSA; the same index date as their matched cases for controls. CI = confidence interval. 2Rate ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing cases and their controls.
*Significant difference between cases and their matched controls ().
