Increasing Public Awareness of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests: Health Care Access, Internet Use, and Population Density Correlates

Table 2

Independent correlates of awareness of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing (𝑛=10,394)¹.

	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	𝑃 value
Survey year
HINTS 2008	1.00	—	—
HINTS 2012	1.39	1.19–1.64	0.0001
Gender
Female	1.00	—	—
Male	0.98	0.83–1.16	0.8507
Age
18–34	1.00	—	—
35–49	1.26	0.99–1.60	0.0583
50–64	1.64	1.31–2.05	0.0000
65–74	1.60	1.18–2.18	0.0031
75+	1.14	0.81–1.60	0.4573
Race/ethnicity
NH white	1.00	—	—
NH black	0.79	0.62–1.00	0.0499
Hispanic/Latino	0.82	0.62–1.09	0.1719
NH other	0.87	0.65–1.17	0.3628
Annual income
Less than $35,000	1.00	—	—
$35,000 to <$75,000	0.90	0.73–1.13	0.3689
$75,000 or more	1.22	0.97–1.53	0.0896
Missing	1.39	1.02–1.91	0.0402
Education
Less than HS	1.00	—	—
HS graduate	1.05	0.75–1.46	0.7765
Some college	1.31	1.00–1.72	0.0511
College graduate	2.02	1.49–2.75	0.0000
Health insurance
Yes	1.00	—	—
No	1.10	0.90–1.35	0.3516
Regular provider
No	1.00	—	—
Yes	1.27	1.04–1.54	0.0178
Prior cancer diagnosis
No	1.00	—	—
Yes	1.24	1.07–1.44	0.0047
Family history of cancer
No	1.00	—	—
Yes	1.13	0.98–1.32	0.0951
Missing^2	0.77	0.53–1.12	0.1638
Internet use
No	1.00	—	—
Yes	1.27	0.97–1.67	0.0823
Population density
Rural	1.00	—	—
Urban	1.25	1.05 –1.49	0.0144

¹Missing values in model are listwise; if any case is missing a value on any of the variables they are dropped from the analyses.
² This category includes (1) “Has no family” (𝑛=15), (2) “Refused,” (3) “Do not know,” and (4) missing for 2008 data; For the 2012 data, this category includes (1) “Missing data (Not Ascertained),” (2) “Multiple responses selected in error,” and (3) “Not sure.”