Serum Lipids and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Malignancies in the Swedish AMORIS Study

Table 2

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for GI cancer for quartiles of lipid components, adjusted for age, gender, SES, fasting status, glucose (continuous), total cholesterol (continuous), and triglycerides (continuous).

	Oesophageal cancer		Stomach cancer		Colon cancer		Rectal cancer
	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)	𝑛	HR (95% CI)
Glucose (mmol/L)^a
<4.40	40	1.00 (Ref)	99	1.00 (Ref)	310	1.00 (Ref)	242	1.00 (Ref)
4.40–4.80	65	1.01 (0.68–1.50)	185	1.12 (0.88–1.44)	572	1.14 (1.00–1.32)	338	0.85 (0.72–1.00)
4.80–5.20	65	0.88 (0.59–1.32)	201	1.06 (0.83–1.35)	622	1.12 (0.98–1.29)	346	0.77 (0.65–0.91)
≥5.20	148	1.27 (0.89–1.87)	291	0.96 (0.74–1.23)	968	1.21 (1.05–1.40)	584	0.88 (0.74–1.05)
𝑃 value for trend		0.16		0.41		0.03		0.23
Total cholesterol  (mmol/L)^a
<4.70	41	1.00 (Ref)	89	1.00 (Ref)	266	1.00 (Ref)	150	1.00 (Ref)
4.70–5.50	72	0.93 (0.63–1.37)	172	1.01 (0.78–1.31)	499	0.96 (0.83–1.11)	316	1.11 (0.91–1.35)
5.50–6.30	99	0.99 (0.69–1.44)	212	0.96 (0.74–1.23)	718	1.04 (0.90–1.21)	405	1.10 (0.91–1.33)
≥6.30	106	0.79 (0.54–1.15)	303	1.03 (0.80–1.32)	989	1.03 (0.90–1.19)	639	1.32 (1.09–1.59)
𝑃 value for trend		0.28		0.54		0.19		0.0003
Triglycerides (mmol/L)^b
<0.70	22	1.00 (Ref)	74	1.00 (Ref)	248	1.00 (Ref)	168	1.00 (Ref)
0.70–1.03	79	1.47 (0.91–2.36)	225	1.17 (0.90–1.52)	682	1.09 (0.94–1.26)	424	0.97 (0.81–1.16)
1.03–1.60	83	1.64 (1.02–2.65)	223	1.19 (0.91–1.56)	710	1.21 (1.05–1.41)	410	0.97 (0.80–1.16)
≥1.60	134	2.29 (1.42–3.68)	254	1.17 (0.90–1.55)	832	1.30 (1.12–1.52)	508	1.03 (0.86–1.25)
𝑃 value for trend		0.0001		0.44		<0.0001		0.49
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^c
<2.82	18	1.00 (Ref)	19	1.00 (Ref)	59	1.00 (Ref)	28	1.00 (Ref)
2.82–3.51	18	0.61 (0.29–1.26)	25	0.84 (0.44–1.60)	101	1.05 (0.75–1.48)	57	1.21 (0.75–1.96)
3.51–4.25	9	0.22 (0.08–0.62)	33	0.87 (0.42–1.77)	119	0.92 (0.62–1.34)	65	1.01 (0.60–1.72)
≥4.25	12	0.22 (0.06–0.86)	38	0.80 (0.30–2.08)	136	0.78 (0.47–1.30)	78	0.88 (0.45–1.75)
𝑃 value for trend		0.007		0.73		0.26		0.36
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^c
<1.25	15	1.00 (Ref)	33	1.00 (Ref)	103	1.00 (Ref)	55	1.00 (Ref)
1.25–1.52	16	2.14 (0.97–4.71)	29	0.88 (0.51–1.50)	107	1.24 (0.93–1.67)	50	1.04 (0.69–1.58)
1.52–1.80	16	2.64 (1.16–6.03)	27	0.76 (0.43–1.37)	89	1.04 (0.75–1.43)	50	1.04 (0.67–1.61)
≥1.80	10	2.04 (0.79–5.27)	26	0.62 (0.33–1.17)	116	1.25 (0.89–1.74)	73	1.40 (0.89–2.17)
𝑃 value for trend		0.09		0.12		0.41		0.13
Apolipoprotein B (mmol/L)^c
<0.97	11	1.00 (Ref)	13	1.00 (Ref)	37	1.00 (Ref)	28	1.00 (Ref)
0.97–1.18	20	0.97 (0.45–2.10)	20	0.88 (0.43–1.82)	102	1.39 (0.94–2.05)	48	0.76 (0.47–1.23)
1.18–1.42	11	0.39 (0.15–1.03)	42	1.51 (0.73–3.12)	131	1.28 (0.85–1.93)	83	0.84 (0.52–1.37)
≥1.42	15	0.45 (0.14–1.44)	40	1.45 (0.59–3.59)	145	1.18 (0.72–1.92)	69	0.48 (0.26–0.89)
𝑃 value for trend		0.08		0.16		0.77		0.05
Apolipoprotein A-I (mmol/L)^c
<1.27	14	1.00 (Ref)	31	1.00 (Ref)	91	1.00 (Ref)	57	1.00 (Ref)
1.27–1.40	11	1.10 (0.49–2.43)	32	1.07 (0.65–1.77)	88	1.05 (0.78–1.41)	40	0.74 (0.49–1.12)
1.40–1.56	18	1.88 (0.91–3.86)	22	0.63 (0.36–1.10)	114	1.19 (0.89–1.58)	54	0.87 (0.60–1.28)
≥1.56	14	1.70 (0.78–3.70)	30	0.75 (0.43–1.31)	122	1.20 (0.89–1.61)	77	1.15 (0.79–1.67)
𝑃 value for trend		0.08		0.13		0.17		0.31
LDL/HDL^c
<1.74	18	1.00 (Ref)	18	1.00 (Ref)	80	1.00 (Ref)	39	1.00 (Ref)
1.74–2.32	13	0.58 (0.28–1.21)	23	1.12 (0.60–2.10)	98	0.99 (0.73–1.34)	53	1.11 (0.72–1.68)
2.32–3.16	13	0.43 (0.20–0.93)	44	1.79 (0.99–3.23)	117	0.92 (0.68–1.25)	68	1.12 (0.73–1.71)
≥3.16	13	0.28 (0.12–0.66)	30	1.16 (0.57–2.35)	120	0.79 (0.56–1.13)	68	1.00 (0.62–1.63)
𝑃 value for trend		0.003		0.37		0.17		0.99
Total cholesterol/HDL^c
<2.95	12	1.00 (Ref)	18	1.00 (Ref)	74	1.00 (Ref)	35	1.00 (Ref)
2.95–3.66	16	1.02 (0.47–2.17)	26	1.14 (0.62–2.11)	104	1.04 (0.77–1.40)	61	1.28 (0.84–1.95)
3.66–4.68	14	0.71 (0.31–1.59)	36	1.43 (0.78–2.64)	112	0.93 (0.68–1.27)	64	1.13 (0.72–1.75)
≥4.68	15	0.42 (0.17–1.05)	35	1.33 (0.65–2.73)	125	0.84 (0.58–1.20)	68	1.03 (0.62–1.72)
𝑃 value for trend		0.04		0.33		0.25		0.90
Triglycerides/HDL^c
<0.44	5	1.00 (Ref)	21	1.00 (Ref)	83	1.00 (Ref)	48	1.00 (Ref)
0.44–0.70	11	1.71 (0.59–4.94)	26	1.14 (0.63–2.06)	89	0.91 (0.68–1.24)	57	0.99 (0.67–1.47)
0.70–1.23	21	2.48 (0.91–6.75)	30	1.25 (0.67–2.32)	113	0.98 (0.72–1.33)	58	0.84 (0.55–1.27)
≥1.23	20	1.37 (0.43–4.42)	38	1.88 (0.83–4.27)	130	1.00 (0.67–1.49)	65	0.81 (0.46–1.42)
𝑃 value for trend		0.52		0.18		0.97		0.36
ApoB/ApoA-I^c
<0.67	15	1.00 (Ref)	14	1.00 (Ref)	70	1.00 (Ref)	37	1.00 (Ref)
0.67–0.84	16	0.68 (0.33–1.39)	22	1.16 (0.59–2.29)	88	0.85 (0.62–1.17)	52	0.93 (0.60–1.42)
0.84–1.05	13	0.39 (0.18–0.86)	46	2.00 (1.06–3.78)	120	0.89 (0.65–1.21)	76	1.00 (0.66–1.52)
≥0.85	13	0.31 (0.13–0.74)	33	1.37 (0.66–2.84)	137	0.86 (0.61–1.21)	63	0.67 (0.41–1.10)
𝑃 value for trend		0.005		0.19		0.61		0.16

^aNot adjusted for TC.
^bNot adjusted for TG.
^cMeasured in Subcohort B.