Associations of Census-Tract Poverty with Subsite-Specific Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates and Stage of Disease at Diagnosis in the United States
Table 3
CRC incidence rates for early and late stage tumors and late-to-early stage incidence rate ratios for men and women 50 years+ by race/ethnicity and poverty for selected areas in the United Statesa.
CT poverty
CRCb early stagec
CRCb late staged
late-to-early stage IRR
Rate (95% CI)
IRR
Rate (95% CI)
IRR
All men
<5% (low)
13,102
79.2 (77.8–80.6)
Ref
13,419
81.1 (79.7–82.5)
Ref
1.02 (1.00–1.05)
5.0–9.9%
14,969
78.2 (76.9–79.4)
0.99
15,556
80.8 (79.5–82.1)
1.00
1.03 (1.01–1.06)
10.0–19.9%
16,546
79.1 (77.9–80.3)
1.00
18,497
87.6 (86.4–88.9)
1.08
*
1.11 (1.08–1.13) †
20+ (high)
10,492
83.6 (82–85.2)
1.06
*
12,097
95.2 (93.5–96.9)
1.17
*
1.14 (1.11–1.17) †
NHW men
<5% (low)
11,350
79.5 (78.0–81.0)
Ref
11,542
80.9 (79.4–82.4)
Ref
1.02 (0.99–1.04)
5.0–9.9%
12,637
79.3 (77.9–80.7)
1.00
12,907
80.9 (79.5–82.3)
1.00
1.02 (0.99–1.04)
10.0–19.9%
12,604
80.7 (79.3–82.2)
1.02
13,759
87.7 (86.2–89.2)
1.08
*
1.09 (1.06–1.11) †
20+ (high)
5,388
88.4 (86.0–90.8)
1.11
*
5,924
96.5 (94.0–99.0)
1.19
*
1.09 (1.05–1.13) †
NHB men
<5% (low)
505
86.5 (78.4–95.3)
Ref
576
100.7 (91.8–110.2)
Ref
1.16 (1.02–1.33)
5.0–9.9%
836
80.9 (75–87.2)
0.94
957
92.1 (85.9–98.8)
0.92
1.14 (1.03–1.26)
10.0–19.9%
1,628
85.4 (80.9–90)
0.99
1,929
99.2 (94.4–104.1)
0.99
1.16 (1.08–1.25)
20+ (high)
2,700
97.8 (94–101.8)
1.13
*
3,265
117.8 (113.5–122.1)
1.17
*
1.20 (1.14–1.27)
Hispanic men
<5% (low)
619
79.4 (72.8–86.4)
Ref
657
82.6 (75.9–89.7)
Ref
1.04 (0.92–1.17)
5.0–9.9%
978
69.4 (64.8–74.2)
0.87
*
1,102
77.2 (72.5–82.2)
0.93
1.11 (1.01–1.22)
10.0–19.9%
1,716
67.2 (63.8–70.6)
0.85
*
2,098
80.9 (77.2–84.6)
0.98
1.20 (1.12–1.29)
20+ (high)
2,034
64.4 (61.5–67.4)
0.81
*
2,470
76.3 (73.2–79.5)
0.92
1.18 (1.11–1.26)
API men
<5% (low)
628
63.4 (58.2–68.9)
Ref
644
65.7 (60.4–71.3)
Ref
1.04 (0.92–1.17)
5.0–9.9%
518
59.7 (54.5–65.4)
0.94
590
67.0 (61.5–73.0)
1.02
1.12 (0.99–1.27)
10.0–19.9%
598
63.4 (58.3–68.9)
1.00
711
75.2 (69.5–81.1)
1.14
*
1.18 (1.06–1.33)
20+ (high)
370
64.1 (57.7–71.1)
1.01
438
75.7 (68.6–83.2)
1.15
*
1.18 (1.02–1.36)
All women
<5% (low)
11,712
56.9 (55.8–57.9)
Ref
13,140
63.4 (62.3–64.5)
Ref
1.12 (1.09–1.14)
5.0–9.9%
13,681
56.4 (55.5–57.4)
0.99
15,226
62.2 (61.2–63.2)
0.98
1.10 (1.08–1.13)
10.0–19.9%
15,301
56.2 (55.3–57.1)
0.99
17,915
65.4 (64.4–66.4)
1.03
*
1.16 (1.14–1.19) †
20+ (high)
9,879
58.2 (57.0–59.4)
1.02
11,577
67.9 (66.6–69.1)
1.07
*
1.17 (1.14–1.20) †
NHW women
<5% (low)
10,113
57.3 (56.1–58.4)
Ref
11,294
63.6 (62.4–64.8)
Ref
1.11(1.08–1.14)
5.0–9.9%
11,339
56.6 (55.6–57.7)
0.99
12,572
62.3 (61.2–63.5)
0.98
1.10 (1.07–1.13)
10.0–19.9%
11,544
57.4 (56.3–58.4)
1.00
13,401
66.3 (65.2–67.5)
1.04
*
1.16 (1.13–1.19) †
20+ (high)
4,994
60.8 (59.1–62.6)
1.06
*
5,642
69.1 (67.3–71)
1.09
*
1.14 (1.09–1.18)
NHB women
<5% (low)
534
66.6 (60.9–72.6)
Ref
580
73.1 (67.1–79.4)
Ref
1.10 (0.97–1.24)
5.0–9.9%
941
64.3 (60.2–68.7)
0.97
1,041
72.1 (67.7–76.7)
0.99
1.12 (1.02–1.23)
10.0–19.9%
1,748
63.3 (60.3–66.4)
0.95
2,145
77.4 (74.1–80.8)
1.06
1.22 (1.15–1.30)
20+ (high)
2,914
69.5 (67–72.1)
1.04
*
3,419
81.8 (79–84.6)
1.12
*
1.18 (1.12–1.24)
Hispanic women
<5% (low)
534
50.6 (46.3–55.2)
Ref
684
65.8 (60.8–71)
Ref
1.30 (1.16–1.46)
5.0–9.9%
896
48.9 (45.7–52.3)
0.97
1,036
56.6 (53.1–60.2)
0.86
*
1.16 (1.06–1.27)
10.0–19.9%
1,477
44.8 (42.6–47.2)
0.89
*
1,760
53.4 (50.9–56)
0.81
*
1.19 (1.11–1.28)
20+ (high)
1,654
41.9 (39.9–44)
0.83
*
2,078
52.3 (50.1–54.7)
0.80
*
1.25 (1.17–1.33)
API women
<5% (low)
531
44.2 (40.5–48.3)
Ref
582
48.2 (44.2–52.3)
Ref
1.09 (0.96–1.23)
5.0–9.9%
505
43.6 (39.8–47.7)
0.99
577
50.5 (46.4–54.9)
1.05
1.16 (1.02–1.31)
10.0–19.9%
532
43.5 (39.8–47.4)
0.98
609
49.3 (45.4–53.5)
1.02
1.13 (1.01–1.28)
20+ (high)
317
41.2 (36.8–46)
0.93
438
56.7 (51.5–62.3)
1.18
*
1.38 (1.19–1.60)
Data are from selected population-based cancer registries that participate in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and/or the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program: Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, New York, New Jersey, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Los Angeles.
bColon and rectum (CRC) included ICD-O-3 codes C18.0–C18.9, C19.9, C20.9, and C26.0.
cEarly (in situ and localized).
dLate (regional and distant). CRC: colon and rectum cancer; IRR: incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; NHW: non-Hispanic white; NHB: non-Hispanic black; API: Asian Pacific Islander.
*Statistically significant IRR (); reference (<5% below poverty). Statistically significant difference () in late-to-early stage IRR by poverty level is based on -statistic. Difference is based on comparison of late-to-early stage IRRs for the two highest poverty categories with the lowest poverty category (<5% below poverty).
