Impact of Diabetes Status and Medication on Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Stage II Colon Cancer Patients

Table 2

Pathologic features of diabetes patients: metformin and insulin treated subsets.

	Metformin group	Insulin group	p value
Median age in years (range)	73.4 (51.1–93.3)	71.8 (39.6–85.3)	0.28
Sex
Female (%)	41 (41.4%)	3 (12.5%)	0.008
Male (%)	58 (58.6%)	21 (87.5%)
Site
Right colon (%)	59 (60%)	14 (58%)	1.0
Left colon (%)	40 (40%)	10 (42%)
T4 staging (%)	17 (17.2%)	4 (16.7%)	1.0
<12 lymph node sampling	28 (28.3%)	7 (29.2%)	0.09
Poor differentiation (%)	25 (25.2%)	2 (8.3%)	0.7
Lymphovascular invasion	21 (21.2%)	4 (16.7%)	1.0
MSI status (%)
MSI-stable	36 (36.4%)	9 (37.5%)	1.0
MSI-high	18 (18.2%)	4 (16.7%)
Not done	43 (43.4%)	11 (45.8%)
Unknown	2 (2.0%)	0
Emergency presentation^a	11 (11.1%)	6 (25.0%)	0.09

^aEmergency presentation includes bowel perforation or bowel obstruction.