Occupational Exposure to Diesel Motor Exhaust and Lung Cancer: A Dose-Response Relationship Hidden by Asbestos Exposure Adjustment? The ICARE Study

Table 3

OR of lung cancer according to diesel motor exhaust (DME) exposure assessed by the questionnaire.

	Cases		Controls		OR^1	95% CI	OR^2	95% CI	OR^3	95% CI	OR^4	95% CI
	Number	%	Number	%
Total	2264		2780
Questionnaires assessment
Maximum of probability ()
No exposure	1099	64.6	1641	70.0	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]
Possible exposure	14	0.8	12	0.5	1.39	0.54–3.57	1.28	0.49–3.33	1.08	0.42–2.77	1.16	0.45–3.01
Definite exposure	589	34.6	691	29.5	1.35	1.13–1.61	1.33	1.11–1.58	1.20	1.0–1.44	1.26	1.05–1.51
Test for trend,					0.004		0.008		0.15		0.01
Duration of exposure
0	1099	64.6	1641	69.8	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]
≤15 years	291	17.1	343	14.6	1.38	1.01–1.74	1.33	1.06–1.68	1.22	0.97–1.55	1.27	1.01–1.61
>15 years	312	18.3	367	15.6	1.31	1.05–1.63	1.29	1.04–1.61	1.15	0.92–1.44	1.23	0.98–1.53
Test for trend,					0.03		0.03		0.26		0.09
Cumulative exposure index
0	1099	64.6	1641	69.8	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]	1.00	[ref]
≤31	295	17.3	362	15.4	1.31	1.05–1.65	1.27	1.01–1.60	1.16	0.92–1.47	1.21	0.96–1.53
>31	308	18.1	348	14.8	1.36	1.09–1.70	1.35	1.08–1.68	1.20	0.96–1.51	1.28	1.02–1.60
Test for trend,					0.007		0.01		0.12		0.04

OR: odds ratio CI: confidence interval; CSI: comprehensive smoking index (see Section 2.7).
¹Odds ratio adjusted for age, département, CSI, and number of jobs.
²Odds ratio adjusted for age, département, CSI number of jobs, and employment in a List A job.
³Odds ratio adjusted for age, département, CSI, number of jobs, and asbestos exposure cumulative index (sensitive definition).
⁴Odds ratio adjusted for age, département, CSI, number of jobs, and asbestos exposure cumulative index (specific definition).