Research Article

What Prevents Men Aged 40–64 Years from Prostate Cancer Screening in Namibia?

Table 3

Factors associated with prostate cancer screening (complementary log-log).

VariableModel (1)Model (2)

Health insurance (ref: none)
 Yes4.11 (.787)2.95 (.620)
Education (ref: none)
 Primary1.98 (.877)2.08 (.927)
 Secondary4.01 (1.568)3.32 (1.392)
 Higher8.13 (3.450)6.34 (2.915)
Discussed health issues with health worker in the last month (ref: none)
 Yes1.54 (0.455)2.02 (.611)
Listen to radio (ref: none)
 Often0.91 (.379)0.96 (.404)
 Very often1.10 (.473)0.99 (.440)
Watch television
(ref: none)
 Often1.12 (.338)1.39 (.445)
 Very often0.94 (.250)0.83 (.232)
Age of respondent
(ref: 40–44)
 45–491.24 (.278)
 50–542.05 (.504)
 55–592.06 (.532)
 60–643.30 (.990)
Marital status (ref: single)
 Married1.56 (.476)
 Separated1.87 (.737)
Religion (ref: Catholic)
 Protestants1.02 (.275)
 ElCIN1.18 (.271)
 Others1.12 (.278)
Region of residence
(ref: Caprivi)
 Erongo1.25 (.677)
 Hardap1.33 (.750)
 Karas1.71 (.920)
 Kavango1.52 (.958)
 Khomas1.18 (.661)
 Kunene0.82 (.565)
 Ohangwena5.10 (3.222)
 Omaheke1.29 (.734)
 Omusati0.47 (.320)
 Oshana0.89 (.550)
 Oshikoto1.03 (.653)
 Otjozondjupa2.11 (1.159)
Place of residence (ref: urban)
 Rural1.51 (.327)
Wealth (ref: poorest)
 Poorer1.12 (.586)
 Middle1.25 (.628)
 Richer2.41 (1.186)
 Richest4.95 (2.613)
Random effect
 Variance at the cluster level2.106 (.353)1.56 (.416)
 Constant0.021 (.009)0.003 (.003)

Observations1,2441,244

Standard errors are in parenthesis. , , and .