Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate in Water Catalyzed by P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂

Table 2

Effect of the Al/Si molar ratio on the catalytic activity of P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂^a.

Catalyst	Yield^b (%)
P4VP/Al2O3-SiO2(1.66) (in-situ)	91
P4VP/Al2O3-SiO2(1) (in-situ)	93
P4VP/Al2O3-SiO2(0.6) (in-situ)	98
P4VP/Al2O3-SiO2(0.6) (imp)	48

^aReaction conditions: catalyst (0.12 g), benzaldehyde (2 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (2 mmol), reflux, H₂O (10 mL), reaction time = 30 min, selectivity = 100%. ^bIsolated yield.