Analysis of Volatile Components of Adenosma indianum (Lour.) Merr. by Steam Distillation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction

Table 1

The chemical compositions of volatile components from A. indianum (Lour.) Merr. obtained by SD and HS-SPME from two regions of China.

Number	Composition	RI^a	RI^b	Relative content (%)^c
				SD		SPME
				A^d	B^d	A	B
1	α-Thujene	929	930	0.05 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.02
2	α-Pinene	938	938	1.17 ± 0.12	0.92 ± 0.10	1.51 ± 0.15	1.35 ± 0.13
3	α-Fenchene	954		0.61 ± 0.07	0.57 ± 0.05	2.00 ± 0.20	0.89 ± 0.10
4	β-Pinene	989	980	—^e	—	0.17 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.03
5	β-Myrcene	993	994	0.10 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00	—	—
6	7-Octen-4-ol^f	1002		0.17 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.00	—	—
7	3-Carene	1009	1006	—	—	0.26 ± 0.30	0.24 ± 0.40
8	α-Terpinene	1021	1017	0.18 ± 0.20	0.19 ± 0.10	0.20 ± 0.30	0.16 ± 0.08
9	γ-Terpinene	1033		0.26 ± 0.10	0.33 ± 0.30	0.33 ± 0.15	0.54 ± 0.25
10	α-Limonene	1038	1030	20.59 ± 2.10	30.15 ± 3.00	26.07 ± 1.80	35.07 ± 4.38
11	β-Ocimene	1059	1050	0.14 ± 0.03	0.19 ± 0.20	0.17 ± 0.05	0.62 ± 0.30
12	Fenchone	1097	1088	31.81 ± 2.50	31.60 ± 3.80	26.44 ± 1.80	15.79 ± 1.95
13	β-Linalool	1104	1096	0.30 ± 0.04	0.22 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.00	0.14 ± 0.02
14	Fenchol	1121	1110	4.34 ± 0.50	3.88 ± 0.30	3.83 ± 0.25	1.50 ± 0.18
15	p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol^f	1138	1123	—	0.25 ± 0.02	—	0.26 ± 0.31
16	Carveol	1152		0.16 ± 0.18	0.25 ± 0.38	—	—
17	Camphor	1154	1144	—	—	0.07 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.01
18	trans-Carveol	1201		0.22 ± 0.03	0.22 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.00	0.37 ± 0.05
19	p-Cymene-8-ol	1203	1187	0.48 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.01
20	α-Terpineol	1212	1193	0.35 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01
21	Verbenone	1222	1221	0.21 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.00	0.23 ± 0.02
22	2-Allyl-4-methylphenol^f	1232		—	—	0.42 ± 0.04	0.32 ± 0.05
23	Carvone	1245	1241	0.12 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.01
24	Piperitone	1262		0.44 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.04	0.09 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.02
25	Isothymol^f	1272		—	—	0.05 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.00
26	Thymol	1313	1290	—	—	0.05 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02
27	Piperitenone	1355		2.24 ± 0.00	1.45 ± 0.21	0.74 ± 0.08	0.54 ± 0.07
28	α-Cubebene	1348	1347	—	—	0.06 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.01
29	Piperitenone oxide	1370		2.92 ± 0.20	1.96 ± 0.18	11.63 ± 1.80	11.46 ± 0.89
30	α-Copaene	1383	1383	0.12 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.00	0.09 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01
31	β-Elemene	1395	1393	0.56 ± 0.05	0.35 ± 0.04	0.77 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.02
32	Cinerolone^f	1405		—	—	0.16 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.00
33	β-Caryophyllene	1431	1426	10.19 ± 1.50	6.98 ± 0.82	8.11 ± 0.63	8.82 ± 0.96
34	α-Bergamotene^f	1437	1433	0.12 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.08	0.14 ± 0.05	0.24 ± 0.03
35	α-Caryophyllene	1468	1454	10.32 ± 1.53	6.98 ± 0.60	7.82 ± 0.71	8.87 ± 0.65
36	γ-Selinene	1485		0.27 ± 0.04	0.24 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.05	0.49 ± 0.02
37	β-Selinene	1500	1484	1.10 ± 0.13	0.97 ± 0.02	1.06 ± 0.01	1.27 ± 0.15
38	α-Selinene	1510	1494	1.67 ± 0.14	1.32 ± 0.10	1.49 ± 0.13	1.68 ± 0.22
39	α-Farnesene	1527		0.37 ± 0.05	0.36 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.03	0.95 ± 0.08
40	δ-Cadinene	1533	1524	0.49 ± 0.05	0.43 ± 0.02	0.49 ± 0.03	0.62 ± 0.06
41	2,5,9-Trimethyl-4,8-cycloundecadien-1-one^f	1598		0.13 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00	0.08 ± 0.01
42	Caryophyllene oxide	1599	1582	3.50 ± 0.41	3.55 ± 0.22	1.15 ± 0.15	1.20 ± 0.08
43	Calarene epoxide^f	1620		—	—	0.26 ± 0.04	0.47 ± 0.03
44	Tetradecanol^f	1628		0.77 ± 0.02	0.86 ± 0.03	—	—
45	Humulene 1,2-epoxide	1638		3.01 ± 0.17	3.35 ± 0.36	1.06 ± 0.02	1.26 ± 0.14
46	Alloaromadendrene oxide^f	1666		0.37 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.30	1.05 ± 0.11
47	Himachalene^f	1697		—	—	0.41 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.10
48	2-Methylene-6,8,8-trimethyl-tricyclo[5.2.2.0(1,6)]undecan-3-ol^f	1708		—	—	0.20 ± 0.01	0.29 ± 0.02
49	2-(4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-ol^f	1720		—	—	0.12 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01
	Number of compounds			36	37	44	45

aThe retention indices (RIs) were calculated using a homologous series of n-alkanes (C8–C22).
^bThe retention indices (RIs) were from the literature [34–41].
^cResults expressed as mean ± standard deviation (𝑛=3).
^dThe samples from two regions of China: (A) Guangxi province and (B) Guangdong province.
^eNot detected.
^fIdentified tentatively for the first time as a volatile constituent in A. indianum (Lour.) Merr.