Research Article

Melissopalynological and Volatile Compounds Analysis of Buckwheat Honey from Different Geographical Origins and Their Role in Botanical Determination

Table 2

Relative frequencies of the main pollen types in honeys labeled as buckwheat honeys. B1, B2, and B3: buckwheat honey from Italy (Valtellina); B4, B5, and B6: buckwheat honey from Italy (Teglio).

Sample code
B1B2B3B4B5B6

Dominant pollen
(>45%)
F. esculentum 45.5%F. esculentum 52%F. esculentum 46%Melilotus 79%

Secondary pollen
(16–45%)
Robinia 16.5%Rhododendron 36%
Clematis 7.2%
Rhododendron 21%Euphrasia officinalis 37%
Compositae 18%
Eryngium  
alpinum 17.8%

Important minor pollen
(3–15%)
Trifolium repens 10.3%
Robinia 8.5%
Tilia 3%
Trifolium repens 8.7%
Hedera 5.2%
Salix 8%
Rubus 4.7%
Clematis 8.3%
F. esculentum 5%
Lotus alpinus 5.4%
F. esculentum 4.5%
Rubus 4%
Mentha 4%
Eryngium alpinum 4%
F. esculentum 5.6%
Mentha 8%
Clematis 5%
Rubus 4.3%

Minor pollen
(<3%)
Sedum/Sempervivum 2%
Prunus 2.8%
Gleditsia 2.2%
Pyrus/Malus 1.9%
Acer 1.5%
Salix 0.7%
Clematis 0.4%
Trifolium pratense <1%
Umbelliferae <1%
Verbena 2%
Castanea 1.8%
Pyrus/Malus 1%
Salix 0.4%
Sedum/Sempervivum <1%
Knautia/Scabiosa <1%
Tilia 2%
Ericaceae 2%
Compositae 1.8%
Trifolium  repens 1.5%
Umbelliferae <1%
Achillea spp. <1%
Trifolium repens 3%
Prunus 2.6%
Ranunculaceae 1.7%
Robinia 1%
Campanulaceae 0.9%
Trifolium pretense 0.7%
Acer 0.7%
Ranunculaceae 0.7%
Umbelliferae 0.4%
Salvia <1%
Sedum/Sempervivum <1%
Compositae 2%
Lotus alpinus 2%
Prunus 1.8%
Compositae 1%
Trifolium repens <1%
Salix <1%
Prunus 2%
Umbelliferae 1.8%
Hedera 0.9%
Salvia 0.2%