Research Article
Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Table 3
Reported PAHs concentrations (µgL−1) in the particulate and dissolved phase of surface seawater in different areas of the world.
| | Locations | | Dissolved | Particulate | Whole water
(dissolved + particulate) | Reference |
| | Bay of Biscay, France | 18 | 8.2 × 10−4–1.7 × 10−3 | 34–1.1 × 103 | 34–1.1 × 103 | [23] | | Leghorn, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy | 15 | 6.3 × 10−2–3.1 | 0.55–7.5 | 0.61–11 | [24] | | Yellow river delta | 16 | 0.65−0.34 | 66–6.8 × 102 | 66–6.8 × 102 | [24] | | Jarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea) | 17 | (28–76) × 102 | —b | (28–76) × 102 | [25] | | Redcar Jetty, England | 15 | — | — | Ndc–25 | [26] | | Daliao River Estuary, Bohai Sea, China | 16 | 0.14–1.7 | 0.23–1.4 | 0.37–3.1 | [27] | | Gerlache Inlet Sea, Antarctica | 13 | — | — | (5.3–9.4) × 10−4 | [28] | | Western Taiwan Strait, China | 15 | 0.012−0.058 | 0.010–0.046 | 0.022–0.10 | [29] | | England and Wales | 15 | — | — | Ndc–11 | [26] | | Baltic Sea | 15 | — | — | 7.0 × 10−5–1.7 × 10−2 | [30] | | Macao Harbour, China | 16 | 0.092−0.26 | 0.69–6.5 | 0.78–6.7 | [31] | | Xiamen Harbour, China | 16 | 0.11–0.94 | —b | 0.11–0.94 | [32] | | Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China | 16 | 7.0−27 | —b | 7.0–27 | [33] | | Singapore Island | 16 | 0.020−8.5 | —b | 0.020–8.5 | [34] | | Langkawi Island, Malaysia | 18 | — | — | 6.1–46 | Present study |
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Number of PAHs, bnot analyzed, and cnot detectable.
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