Improving the Efficiency of a Coagulation-Flocculation Wastewater Treatment of the Semiconductor Industry through Zeta Potential Measurements

Table 1

Characterization of electroplating wastewater.

Parameter	ppm
Sn	4854
Pb	1044
Fe	683
TSS	4510
Turbidity (FAU)	2990
EC (mS/cm)	74
𝜁 (mV)	45
Size (nm)	346
Color	Milky
pH	0.8
COD (mg O2/L)	1432
TOC (mg C/L)	125
BOD5 (mg O2/L)	30
TN (mg N/L)	50.6
Biodegradability (BOD5/COD)	0.04