Improving the Efficiency of a Coagulation-Flocculation Wastewater Treatment of the Semiconductor Industry through Zeta Potential Measurements

Table 2

Comparison of the dose and optimal flocculation windows.

Treatment system	pH	Optimal dose (ppm)	Flocculation window (ppm)
(A) Single flocculation	5	33.5	33.5 to 40.2
(B) Single flocculation	7	15.6	15.6 to 20.1
(C) NIPECs flocculation	7	23.7	23.7 to 35.6
(D) DUAL coagulation	9	162	26.4 to 67
Flocculation		26.4