Trace Elements Analysis in Drinking Water of Meghalaya by Using Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and in relation to Environmental and Health Issues

Table 4

Water quality guideline for domestic uses.

Elements	ICMR standards 1975	Indian standards 1983	WHO standards 1993	European standards 2000	USEPA standards 1996	Untreated water	Treated water
Li	—	—	—	—	—	ND	ND
Na	≤200	200	≤200	10.0	—	135.6 ± 4.27	142.3 ± 6.40
Cr	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.03 ± 0.004	0.01 ± 0.004
Mn	0.05	0.10	0.50	0.01	0.05	0.03 ± 0.005	0.05 ± 0.004
Fe	0.03	0.3	0.30	0.01	0.03	0.18 ± 0.003	0.13 ± 0.001
Co	—	—	—	—	—	0.06 ± 0.004	0.02 ± 0.003
Ni	—	—	0.02	0.02		0.05 ± 0.005	0.02 ± 0.006
Cu	≤1.0	1.00	1.50	2.00	1.00	0.01 ± 0.004	0.17 ± 0.005
Zn	≤5.0	5.0	0.05	—	—	0.23 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.004
As	0.05	0.05	0.01	0.005	0.01	ND	ND
Se	0.01	0.01	—	0.01	0.05	1.71 ± 0.04	0.74 ± 0.03
Rb	—	—	—	—	—
Mo	—	—	0.07	—	—	0.07 ± 0.003	0.02 ± 0.006
Ag	—	—	0.005	—	—	ND	ND
Cd	0.005	0.01	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.02 ± 0.004	0.05 ± 0.004
Au	—	—	—	—	—	ND	ND
Pb	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.09 ± 0.006	0.03 ± 0.005
Ca	—	75	100	100	100	0.74 ± 0.03	10.19 ± 0.25
Mg	—	30	150	50	30	1.84 ± 0.06	1.82 ± 0.30
K	—	—	—	—	—	2.69 ± 0.08	3.24 ± 0.14
pH	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5	6.5–8.5		6.0–8.5	6.5 ± 0.02	7.3 ± 0.03
PO4^2−	—	—	—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.04	0.04 ± 0.003
Nitrate	45	45	50	50	10	0.03 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.006
Turbidity	5–15	5–15	5		0.5–5.0

Indian Standard (1983) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1, WHO.
Indian Council of Medical Research (1975) Standards for Drinking Water in India, ICMR, New Delhi.
World Health Organisation (1993) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality—Health criteria and other supporting Information. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
European Standard (2000) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality.
USEPA (1996) Quality criteria for water. EPA 440/5-86-001, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.