Effect of Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration on Anaerobic Degradation Rate from Field Anaerobic Digestion Facilities Treating Food Waste Leachate in South Korea

Table 3

Total and volatile solid of food waste, animal (poultry, pig, and cow) manure, and sewage sludge and their VS removal rates in the literature.

Waste	Total solids (%)	Volatile solid (%)	Volatile solid/total solids (%)	Volatile solid removal rate (%)	References
Poultry manure	28.9; 27.7	21.5; 20.5	72.7; 74.0	43.1~49.4; (with sewage sludge)	KMOE [16], McCarty and Smith [27]
Pig manure	9.2	7.0	76.1	—	Borowski et al. [28]
	12.4	9.0	72.6	23.9~32.5; (with sewage sludge)
Cow/dairy manure	26.7	22.5	84.3	—	Anjum et al. [29]
	13.8	11.0	79.9	—	Scano et al. [30]
	17.1; 9.2	16.3; 13.2	84; 81	—; —	Zhang et al. [15]
Fruit and vegetable wastes	12.7	11.0	86.6	—	Anjum et al. [29]
	3.4~21.8	2.7~20.4	—	—	Borowski et al. [28]
	4.4~4.5	3.9~4.0	—	53 (no pH control)	Ganesh et al. [31]
	7.3~10.0	9.7	—	70 (with pH control)	An et al. [6]
Composite food waste (grain, fish, meat, fruit, and vegetable)	27.5	22.7	82.5	—	Lee et al. [2]
	3.0~4.5	2.9~4.3	—	—	Ganesh et al. [31]
	22.4	18.9	84.4	39.5 (with activated waste sludge and mesophilic)	El-Mashad and Zhang [32]
	18.0~23.0	16.4~21.9	—	74.1~86.1	Kim et al. [12]
	7.0~20.0	6.6~19.0	—	—	Cabbai et al. [33]
	28.0	24.1	85.0		Scano et al. [30]
	30.9	26.4	92.0	—	Cabbai et al. [33]
	18.5	17.0	92.9	—	Zhang et al. [15]
	24.8	23.0	—	68.3~80.6	Cavinato et al. [34]
Sewage sludge	4.7~4.9	3.5~3.7	74.1	33.9~36.3	KMOE [16], McCarty and Smith [27]
	3.5	2.3	65.7	—	Ganesh et al. [31]
	3.8	2.3	60.5	—	El-Mashad and Zhang [32]

Only those types of waste relevant to the Korean dietary habit were considered and those green wastes (grass, wood, etc.) were not included.
Composite food wastes were mainly collected from household, restaurant, canteen, and cafeteria.
Pilot-scale and lab-scale; —: data unavailable.