Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Table 5

Antibacterial (IZ mm) and antifungal (%) activities of wormwood essential oil.

	Boukornine	Jérissa	Kairouan	Bou Salem	df			Tetracycline	Nystatin
Bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus 25923	20.66 ± 2.61^b	20.66 ± 0.65^b	25 ± 1.13^a	18 ± 1.13^c	3	2.05	0.184^NS	25 ± 2.56
Staphylococcus methicillin-resistant	15.00 ± 1.13^b	14.33 ± 0.65^c	16 ± 1.30^a	14.33 ± 0.65^c	3	0.21	0.879^NS	25 ± 2.54
Listeria monocytogenesATCC 19195	18.66 ± 2.35^b	17.33 ± 1.72^c	20.00 ± 1.95^a	20.00 ± 1.13^a	3	0.53	0.674^NS	24 ± 2.42
Fungi
Fusarium graminearum	14.66 ± 0.57^c	23.65 ± 0.57^a	11.11 ± 0.12^d	16.66 ± 0.57^b	3	18.57	0.000^***		25 ± 2.31
Fusarium culmorum	45.23 ± 3.11^b	23.65 ± 0.57^d	42.06 ± 0.57^c	46.82 ± 0.57^a	3	32.77	0.000^***		25 ± 2.14
Fusarium oxysporum	19.04 ± 0.57^c	27.58 ± 2.55^a	17.94 ± 0.57^d	25.28 ± 0.57^b	3	7.79	0.009^**		20 ± 1.67
Sclerotinia	nd	23.61 ± 2.12	nd	nd	3	185.81	0.000^***		22 ± 2.01
Rhizoctonia solani	nd	25.39 ± 0.57	nd	nd	3	77.35	0.000^***		20 ± 1.78

Results are the mean of three replications. The diameter of disc was 6 mm. Values with different superscripts (a–d) are significantly different at . nd: not detected. NS: not significant. df: degree of freedom, : Fisher value, and : probability. . .