Research Article
Enhancement of Nutrient Removal in a Hybrid Constructed Wetland Utilizing an Electric Fan Air Blower with Renewable Energy of Solar and Wind Power
Table 1
Chemical characteristics of raw sewage and treated water in 1st and 2nd treatments.
| Stage | Ventilation method | BOD | SS | TN | TP | DO | (mg L−1) |
| Raw sewage | | 58.5 ± 25.5 | 38.3 ± 21.0 | 11.8 ± 3.4 | 1.30 ± 0.38 | 0.82 ± 0.13 |
| Treated water from the 1st bed (VF bed) | Natural ventilation | 7.0 ± 5.5 | 5.0 ± 6.5 | 9.8 ± 3.2 | 1.02 ± 0.28 | 5.42 ± 1.5 | Electric ventilation | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 8.1 ± 1.8 | 0.84 ± 0.08 | 6.97 ± 1.3 |
| Treated water in the 1st (VF) and 2nd (HF) beds (effluent) | Natural ventilation | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 2.0 | 0.66 ± 0.19 | 1.57 ± 0.41 | Electric ventilation | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.64 ± 0.15 | 1.61 ± 0.23 |
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