Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Applied to Food Analysis

Table 1

Experimental MSPE conditions used for analysis of milk samples.

Analyte	Amount of liquid sample	Magnetic material coating	Eluent volume	Eluent	Technique	Limit of detection	Recovery	References
Sulfonamides	10.0 mL	Fe3O4/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)	1.0 mL	Acetone with 5% ammonia (v/v)	LC-MS/MS	0.5–49.5 ng/L	87.6–115.6%	[50]
Fluoroquinolones	2.0 mL	Fe3O4-ethylene glycol, ethylene diamine, ammonium acetate	1.0 mL	MeOH (7.0% ammonium)	HPLC-UV	1.8–3.2 ng/g	94.0–124.4%	[56]
Estrogens	10.0 mL	MMIP(Fe3O4@SiO2)-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate	7.0 mL	Acetic acid/methanol (0.5 mol/L)	HPLC-UV	1.5–5.5 ng/g	77.3–95.2%	[55]
Endocrine disruptors	3.0 mL	Fe3O4@SiO2@C18	2.3 mL	n-Hexane	GC-MS	0.1–0.3 µg/L	81.0–107.0%	[45]
Melamine	20.0 mL	MMIP melamine-methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-Fe3O4	0.5 mL × 6	Methanol-acetic acid	LC-MS/MS	2.6 ng/mL	88.0–95.8%	[51]
Aflatoxin M1	10.0 mL	Hydrophobic oleic acid; modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles	3.0 mL	Acetonitrile	Spectrofluorimetry	13.0 ng/L	91.3–99.5%	[65]
Lead	100.0 mL	CaFe2O4-3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane-phthalic anhydride	3.0 mL	Nitric acid 1.0 mol/L	AAS	0.78 µg/L	98.2%	[33]
Lead and cadmium	50.0 mL	1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-modified Fe3O4/TiO2	1.0 mL	Nitric acid 1.59 mol/L	AAS	1.21 mg/L Pb(II); 0.21 mg/L Cd(II)	96.9–101.6% Pb(II); 96.5–100.7% Cd(II)	[36]

Antibiotics, hormones, packing additives, mycotoxins, and Metal ions.
MMIP: magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer.