Effect of Perovskite Film Preparation on Performance of Solar Cells

Figure 3

Cross-sectional SEM images of PbI₂ layer deposited on the mp-TiO₂ coated FTO substrate, where the substrate was preheated at (a) room temperature and (b) 70°C, and MAPbI₃ films formed by deposition of MAI on the PbI₂ layer were fabricated at substrate temperatures of (c) room temperature and (d) 70°C.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)