Study of Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, and In Vitro Biological Activity of Cu(II), Co(II), and Fe(II) Metal Complexes Based on Heterocyclic Azo Pyrazole Dye Ligand

Table 7

DNA fragmentation of (a) azo ligand and its (b) Cu(II), (c) Co(II), and (d) Fe(II) complexes at (0.1, 1 μg/mL) on HepG2 cells.

(a)
ID	Conc (μg/ml)	Mean O.D	ST.E	Viability%	Toxicity%	IC50
HL	1 : 02	0.38399	0.0085103	100	0	22.17
	100	0.02198	0.0004462	4.37	112.1860941
	50	0.06503	0.0068768	7.32	98.92331289
	25	0.16882	0.0147266	23.32	66.67893661
	12.5	0.28997	0.0085572	44.84	29.08077709
	6.25	0.37350	0.0055971	81.04	3.041922291
	3.125	0.38091	0.0046632	94.99	0.851738241
(b)
ID	Conc (μg/ml)	Mean O.D	ST.E	Viability%	Toxicity%	IC50
Cu(II)L	1 : 02	0.55468	0.0087534	100	0	22.09
	100	0.0232	0.0011818	4	114.0311
	50	0.06514	0.0062055	11.24	105.0198
	25	0.22697	0.0112734	39.16	70.15357
	12.5	0.463193	0.0067589	79.92	19.53857
	6.25	0.55295	0.0140606	95.41	0.42109
	3.125	0.56232	0.0089672	97.03	0.084218
(c)
ID	Conc (μg/ml)	Mean O.D	ST.E	Viability%	Toxicity%	IC50
Co(II)L	1 : 02	0.46506	0.008486	100	0	19.55
	100	0.02118	0.007632	4.55	113.5772
	50	0.03548	0.004308	8.9	109.962
	25	0.11296	0.007851	31.12	90.07848
	12.5	0.2172	0.005489	80.68	63.36624
	6.25	0.39255	0.006671	99.94	18.57806
	3.125	0.46008	0.009135	99.07	0.92827
(d)
ID	Conc (μg/ml)	Mean O.D	ST.E	Viability%	Toxicity%	IC50
Fe(II)L	1 : 02	0.57501	0.0054149	100	0	20.16
	100	0.02118	0.0004462	5.72	113.293239
	50	0.03548	0.0027175	16.93	108.4284591
	25	0.11296	0.0090329	43.96	81.85927673
	12.5	0.2172	0.0106731	75.51	23.1077044
	6.25	0.39255	0.0060420	97.26	0